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JLPT N1 grammar · unit 5 of 37
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L5 JLPT N1 grammar — 〜極まる / 〜極まりない … 〜ずくめ

Read each pattern and its example, then write your own sentence on the line.

〜極まる / 〜極まりない na-adj stem + 極まる/極まりない
Says a quality is at its absolute extreme, almost always a negative one. Formal, written; attaches to na-adjective stems.
あの店の対応は失礼極まりない。 That shop's handling of the matter was utterly rude.
〜ごとき / 〜ごとく N + の + ごとき/ごとく / V-dict・V-ta + (かの)ごとく
A literary equivalent of ようだ/ように, meaning 'like' or 'as if'. Also used after a person noun for self-deprecation or contempt.
彼は何事もなかったかのごとく話し続けた。 He went on talking as if nothing had happened.
〜こととて N + の + こととて / V-dict・V-ta・na-adj + な + こととて
Gives a reason, usually while apologizing or asking indulgence. Old-fashioned and very formal; letters and polite speech.
不慣れなこととて、失礼をお許しください。 As I am unaccustomed to this, please forgive my rudeness.
〜ことなしに V-dict + ことなしに
Means 'without doing A, B is impossible' or 'B happens without A'. Formal, written register.
努力することなしに成功は得られない。 Success cannot be had without effort.
〜始末だ V-dict + 始末だ(この/あの + 始末だ も可)
Reports that a bad situation ended up even worse than expected. Critical, exasperated tone; written and spoken narrative.
彼は遅刻を重ね、ついに解雇される始末だ。 He kept coming late and ended up being fired.
〜ずくめ N + ずくめ(黒・いいこと・規則 など)
Says something is entirely made up of one thing or colour. Neutral register; used with a limited set of nouns.
今年はいいことずくめの一年だった。 This year was full of nothing but good things.
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