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JLPT N2 grammar · unit 6 of 33
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J6 JLPT N2 grammar — 〜以上は … 〜だけに

Read each pattern and its example, then write your own sentence on the line.

〜以上は V/i-adj 普通形 + 以上(は);na-adj である + 以上;N である + 以上
"Now that / since," presenting a fact from which an obligation, determination or judgment naturally follows. Formal; the main clause carries なければならない, べきだ, つもりだ and the like.
引き受けた以上は、最後までやります。 Now that I have taken it on, I will see it through to the end.
〜からには V/i-adj 普通形 + からには;na-adj である + からには;N である + からには
"Now that / if I'm going to," almost the same as 以上は but warmer and more emotional, expressing the speaker's resolve. Used in both speech and writing.
出場するからには、優勝を目指したい。 If I'm going to compete, I want to aim for first place.
〜限り V-dict/V-ta/i-adj + 限り;na-adj な + 限り;N の + 限り
Marks a limit: "as long as" a condition holds, or "to the full extent of" something. Neutral to formal; found in fixed phrases like できる限り and 見渡す限り.
体が動く限り、働き続けたい。 As long as my body holds up, I want to keep working.
〜限りでは V-dict/V-ta(知る・見る・聞く・調べる など)+ 限りでは
"As far as I know / from what I saw," limiting a statement to the speaker's own source of information. Attaches to verbs of perceiving or checking; neutral and common in careful speech.
私が知る限りでは、その話は事実ではない。 As far as I know, that story is not true.
〜ないかぎり V-ない + 限り;N でない/na-adj でない + 限り
"Unless," stating that as long as the condition is not met, the situation will not change. The main clause is usually negative or expresses impossibility. Neutral register.
毎日練習しない限り、上手にはならない。 Unless you practice every day, you won't get good.
〜だけに V/i-adj 普通形 + だけに;na-adj な・である + だけに;N + だけに
"Precisely because," where the result follows naturally from the stated reason and is felt all the more strongly. Often carries surprise or heightened emotion; used in speech and writing.
彼は経験が長いだけに、判断が早い。 Precisely because he has long experience, he makes quick decisions.
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