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Verb (dictionary/ない form) + ように言う. Reports an instruction or request indirectly: 'tell someone to (do)'. Also with 頼む, 注意する.
V-dict / V-nai + ように言う / 頼む / 注意する
〜ように言う
Verb (te-form) + ほしい. Expresses that the speaker wants someone else to do something. The person is marked with に.
(Person に) V-te + ほしい / V-nai + でほしい
〜てほしい
Verb (te-form) + いただけませんか. A very polite way to ask someone to do something: 'Could you please...?'
V-te + いただけませんか
〜ていただけませんか
N + の / plain form + おかげで. Means 'thanks to', giving credit for a good result. The result is positive.
N + のおかげで / V-た + おかげで / な-adj + なおかげで
〜おかげで
Verb/adjective (ta-form) + ら. The most general conditional: 'if' or 'when', including unexpected results after doing something.
V-ta + ら / i-adj: -かったら / N・na-adj: だったら
〜たら
Plain form / N + の + ために. Expresses a cause or reason: 'because of, due to'. Often used for events beyond the speaker's control, in slightly formal style.
V/adj plain + ために / N + のために
〜ために (cause)
Plain form + なら. Means 'if that is the case' — responds to what someone said or a known situation, often with advice or a suggestion.
V/i-adj plain + なら / N・na-adj + なら
〜なら
Conditional ば: Group 1 → e-stem + ば, Group 2 → stem + れば, i-adj → ければ, noun/na-adj → なら(ば). Means 'if', focusing on the condition needed for a result.
V1: e-stem + ば / V2: stem + れば / i-adj: -ければ / N・na-adj: なら
〜ば
Verb (causative te-form) + いただく. Humble way to say 'allow me to do', used when asking permission or announcing your own action politely.
V-causative-te + いただく / いただけませんか
〜させていただく
〜ので / 〜から Plain form + ので / から. Both mean 'because'; ので sounds softer and more objective, から is more direct and personal. — V/い-adj plain + ので/から; な-adj/N + なので / だから
〜と (conditional) Verb (dictionary/nai form) + と. Means 'whenever/if A, then B naturally follows'. Used for natural results, habits and machines, not requests or intentions. — V-dict / V-nai + と / i-adj + と / N・na-adj + だと
〜ばいい Verb (ba-form) + いい. Gives advice or a solution: 'you should / all you need to do is'. With a question word it asks 'what/how should I...?'. — V-ba + いい (+ です / んですか)
〜たらどう / 〜たらいい Verb (ta-form) + らどう(ですか) makes a suggestion: 'how about doing X?'. 〜たらいい means 'it would be good to' or asks 'what should I do?'. — V-ta + らどう(ですか) / V-ta + らいい
〜てくれる / 〜てあげる / 〜てもらう Verb (te-form) + くれる (someone does for me), あげる (I do for someone), もらう (I receive the favor of someone doing). Shows who benefits. — V-te + くれる / あげる / もらう
〜ために (purpose) V-dict / N + の + ために. Expresses a purpose: 'in order to' or 'for the sake of'. The verb before ために is a volitional action. — V-dict + ために / N + のために
〜てよかった Verb (te-form) + よかった. Expresses relief or gladness: 'I'm glad that I did / that it happened'. — V-te + よかった / V-nakute + よかった
〜せいで N + の / plain form + せいで. Means 'because of', blaming someone or something for a bad result. The opposite of おかげで. — N + のせいで / V/い-adj plain + せいで / な-adj + なせいで
〜ばよかった Verb (ba-form) + よかった. Expresses regret: 'I should have done X'. With the negative (なければよかった) it means 'I shouldn't have'. — V-ba + よかった / V-nakereba + よかった