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Japaneseness.
Grammar N5 · unit 1 of 5 · 1 / 2
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D1The core particles — 基本の助詞

は, が, を, に, で, と, も, の on one sheet — the eight words that hold every Japanese sentence together.

は (topic marker) N は + predicate (noun / adjective / verb)
Marks the topic of the sentence. Pronounced 'wa'.
わたしは 日本人です。 I am Japanese.
が (subject marker) N が + verb / adjective
Marks the grammatical subject, often new information.
ねこが います。 There is a cat.
を (direct object marker) N を + transitive verb
Marks the direct object of a transitive verb. Pronounced 'o'.
パンを 食べます。 I eat bread.
に (location / time marker) place に 行きます / time に V / place に あります・います
Marks a destination, point in time, or static location.
学校に 行きます。 I go to school.
japaneseness.com · next D2 → Japaneseness · CC BY-SA 4.0
Japaneseness.
Grammar N5 · unit 1 of 5 · 2 / 2
Name   Date

D1The core particles — 基本の助詞

は, が, を, に, で, と, も, の on one sheet — the eight words that hold every Japanese sentence together.

で (means / place of action) means で V / place で V (action)
Marks the means/method, or the place where an action occurs.
ペンで 書きます。 I write with a pen.
と (with / and) N1 と N2 / person と V
Joins nouns ('and'), or marks a person you do an action with.
ねこと いぬが います。 There are a cat and a dog.
も (also) N も + predicate (replaces は / が / を)
Means 'also' / 'too'. Replaces は or を to express addition.
わたしも 学生です。 I am a student, too.
の (possessive / modifier) N1 の N2
Connects two nouns; expresses possession or modification.
これは わたしの 本です。 This is my book.
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