JLPT N4 vocabulary — the full list
800 words · 40 themes · printable sets →
Ctrl/Cmd + F finds a word. Each theme links to its two-page practice sheet.
Readings are the everyday ones; where a number has two, the sheet says so.
W1 People and roles — 人と役割 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 息子 | むすこ | musuko | son | noun |
| 娘 | むすめ | musume | daughter | noun |
| 祖父 | そふ | sofu | (my) grandfather | noun |
| 祖母 | そぼ | sobo | (my) grandmother | noun |
| 親 | おや | oya | parent | noun |
| 赤ちゃん | あかちゃん | akachan | baby | noun |
| 男性 | だんせい | dansei | man, male (formal) | noun |
| 女性 | じょせい | josei | woman, female (formal) | noun |
| 客 | きゃく | kyaku | customer, guest | noun |
| 店員 | てんいん | ten'in | shop assistant | noun |
| 社長 | しゃちょう | shachō | company president | noun |
| 部長 | ぶちょう | buchō | department head | noun |
| 警官 | けいかん | keikan | police officer | noun |
| 看護師 | かんごし | kangoshi | nurse | noun |
| 運転手 | うんてんしゅ | untenshu | driver | noun |
| 公務員 | こうむいん | kōmuin | civil servant | noun |
| 先輩 | せんぱい | senpai | senior (at school or work) | noun |
| 後輩 | こうはい | kōhai | junior (at school or work) | noun |
| 自分 | じぶん | jibun | oneself | pronoun |
| みんな | みんな | minna | everyone | pronoun |
W2 Body and illness — 体と病気 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 血 | ち | chi | blood | noun |
| 骨 | ほね | hone | bone | noun |
| 指 | ゆび | yubi | finger | noun |
| 首 | くび | kubi | neck | noun |
| 腕 | うで | ude | arm | noun |
| 喉 | のど | nodo | throat | noun |
| 胸 | むね | mune | chest | noun |
| 腰 | こし | koshi | lower back, hip | noun |
| 肌 | はだ | hada | skin | noun |
| 力 | ちから | chikara | strength, power | noun |
| 怪我 | けが | kega | injury | noun |
| 具合 | ぐあい | guai | condition (of health) | noun |
| 気分 | きぶん | kibun | mood, how one feels | noun |
| 気持ち | きもち | kimochi | feeling | noun |
| 注射 | ちゅうしゃ | chūsha | injection | noun |
| 入院 | にゅういん | nyūin | going into hospital | noun |
| 退院 | たいいん | taiin | leaving hospital | noun |
| 医学 | いがく | igaku | medicine (the science) | noun |
| 歯医者 | はいしゃ | haisha | dentist | noun |
| お見舞い | おみまい | omimai | visit to a sick person | noun |
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 嬉しい | うれしい | ureshii | happy, glad | い-adjective |
| 悲しい | かなしい | kanashii | sad | い-adjective |
| 寂しい | さびしい | sabishii | lonely | い-adjective |
| 恥ずかしい | はずかしい | hazukashii | embarrassed, ashamed | い-adjective |
| 怖い | こわい | kowai | scary, afraid | い-adjective |
| 眠い | ねむい | nemui | sleepy | い-adjective |
| 残念 | ざんねん | zannen | a pity, unfortunate | な-adjective |
| 心配 | しんぱい | shinpai | worry | な-adjective |
| 安心 | あんしん | anshin | relief, peace of mind | な-adjective |
| 幸せ | しあわせ | shiawase | happy, fortunate | な-adjective |
| 楽しみ | たのしみ | tanoshimi | something to look forward to | noun |
| 喜ぶ | よろこぶ | yorokobu | to be glad, delighted | verb |
| 泣く | なく | naku | to cry | verb |
| 笑う | わらう | warau | to laugh, smile | verb |
| 怒る | おこる | okoru | to get angry | verb |
| 驚く | おどろく | odoroku | to be surprised | verb |
| びっくりする | びっくりする | bikkuri suru | to be startled | verb |
| 悩む | なやむ | nayamu | to worry, agonise over | verb |
| 我慢する | がまんする | gaman suru | to put up with, endure | verb |
| 気にする | きにする | ki ni suru | to mind, worry about | verb |
W4 Verbs 1: around the house — 動詞 1・家の中 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 片付ける | かたづける | katazukeru | to tidy up, put away | verb |
| 準備する | じゅんびする | junbi suru | to prepare | verb |
| 用意する | よういする | yōi suru | to get ready, arrange | verb |
| 手伝う | てつだう | tetsudau | to help (with a task) | verb |
| 捨てる | すてる | suteru | to throw away | verb |
| 拾う | ひろう | hirou | to pick up | verb |
| 探す | さがす | sagasu | to look for | verb |
| 見つける | みつける | mitsukeru | to find | verb |
| 見つかる | みつかる | mitsukaru | to be found | verb |
| 落とす | おとす | otosu | to drop; to lose | verb |
| 落ちる | おちる | ochiru | to fall, drop | verb |
| 壊す | こわす | kowasu | to break (something) | verb |
| 壊れる | こわれる | kowareru | to break, be broken | verb |
| 直す | なおす | naosu | to fix, repair | verb |
| 直る | なおる | naoru | to be fixed | verb |
| 治る | なおる | naoru | to get better, heal | verb |
| 汚れる | よごれる | yogoreru | to get dirty | verb |
| 濡れる | ぬれる | nureru | to get wet | verb |
| 乾く | かわく | kawaku | to dry | verb |
| 干す | ほす | hosu | to hang out to dry | verb |
W5 Verbs 2: thinking and telling — 動詞 2・考える・伝える 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 思う | おもう | omou | to think (that …) | verb |
| 考える | かんがえる | kangaeru | to think about, consider | verb |
| 決める | きめる | kimeru | to decide | verb |
| 決まる | きまる | kimaru | to be decided | verb |
| 選ぶ | えらぶ | erabu | to choose | verb |
| 比べる | くらべる | kuraberu | to compare | verb |
| 調べる | しらべる | shiraberu | to look up, investigate | verb |
| 確かめる | たしかめる | tashikameru | to make sure, check | verb |
| 覚える | おぼえる | oboeru | to memorise, learn | verb |
| 思い出す | おもいだす | omoidasu | to recall | verb |
| 伝える | つたえる | tsutaeru | to tell, convey | verb |
| 知らせる | しらせる | shiraseru | to let (someone) know | verb |
| 説明する | せつめいする | setsumei suru | to explain | verb |
| 相談する | そうだんする | sōdan suru | to consult, talk over | verb |
| 紹介する | しょうかいする | shōkai suru | to introduce | verb |
| 謝る | あやまる | ayamaru | to apologise | verb |
| 褒める | ほめる | homeru | to praise | verb |
| 叱る | しかる | shikaru | to scold | verb |
| 信じる | しんじる | shinjiru | to believe | verb |
| 聞こえる | きこえる | kikoeru | to be audible, can hear | verb |
W6 Giving and receiving — あげる・もらう 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| あげる | あげる | ageru | to give (to someone else) | verb |
| くれる | くれる | kureru | to give (to me) | verb |
| もらう | もらう | morau | to receive | verb |
| 差し上げる | さしあげる | sashiageru | to give (humble) | verb |
| 下さる | くださる | kudasaru | to give (to me; respectful) | verb |
| いただく | いただく | itadaku | to receive (humble) | verb |
| やる | やる | yaru | to give (to a junior, an animal); to do | verb |
| 贈る | おくる | okuru | to present, give as a gift | verb |
| プレゼント | プレゼント | purezento | present | noun |
| お土産 | おみやげ | omiyage | souvenir, gift from a trip | noun |
| お礼 | おれい | orei | thanks; a thank-you gift | noun |
| お祝い | おいわい | oiwai | celebration; congratulatory gift | noun |
| お世話 | おせわ | osewa | help, care (お世話になりました) | noun |
| 遠慮 | えんりょ | enryo | reserve, holding back | noun |
| 返事 | へんじ | henji | reply | noun |
| 連絡 | れんらく | renraku | contact, getting in touch | noun |
| 挨拶 | あいさつ | aisatsu | greeting | noun |
| 約束 | やくそく | yakusoku | promise, appointment | noun |
| 招待 | しょうたい | shōtai | invitation | noun |
| お辞儀 | おじぎ | ojigi | bow | noun |
W7 Verbs 3: going places — 動詞 3・行き来 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 通う | かよう | kayou | to commute, go regularly | verb |
| 寄る | よる | yoru | to drop by | verb |
| 戻る | もどる | modoru | to go back, return | verb |
| 進む | すすむ | susumu | to advance, go forward | verb |
| 通る | とおる | tōru | to pass through | verb |
| 出発する | しゅっぱつする | shuppatsu suru | to depart | verb |
| 到着する | とうちゃくする | tōchaku suru | to arrive | verb |
| 乗り換える | のりかえる | norikaeru | to change (trains) | verb |
| 泊まる | とまる | tomaru | to stay (overnight) | verb |
| 案内する | あんないする | annai suru | to show around, guide | verb |
| 迎える | むかえる | mukaeru | to meet, welcome, pick up | verb |
| 急ぐ | いそぐ | isogu | to hurry | verb |
| 遅れる | おくれる | okureru | to be late | verb |
| 間に合う | まにあう | ma ni au | to be in time | verb |
| 出かける | でかける | dekakeru | to go out | verb |
| 逃げる | にげる | nigeru | to run away | verb |
| 引っ越す | ひっこす | hikkosu | to move house | verb |
| 訪ねる | たずねる | tazuneru | to visit | verb |
| 参る | まいる | mairu | to go, come (humble) | verb |
| いらっしゃる | いらっしゃる | irassharu | to go, come, be (respectful) | verb |
W8 Work and the office — 仕事と会社 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 事務所 | じむしょ | jimusho | office | noun |
| 工場 | こうじょう | kōjō | factory | noun |
| 会場 | かいじょう | kaijō | venue | noun |
| 受付 | うけつけ | uketsuke | reception desk | noun |
| 名刺 | めいし | meishi | business card | noun |
| 書類 | しょるい | shorui | documents | noun |
| 資料 | しりょう | shiryō | materials, handouts | noun |
| 給料 | きゅうりょう | kyūryō | salary | noun |
| 残業 | ざんぎょう | zangyō | overtime | noun |
| 出張 | しゅっちょう | shutchō | business trip | noun |
| 経験 | けいけん | keiken | experience | noun |
| 技術 | ぎじゅつ | gijutsu | technology, skill | noun |
| 産業 | さんぎょう | sangyō | industry | noun |
| 貿易 | ぼうえき | bōeki | trade | noun |
| 輸出 | ゆしゅつ | yushutsu | export | noun |
| 輸入 | ゆにゅう | yunyū | import | noun |
| アルバイト | アルバイト | arubaito | part-time job | noun |
| 計画 | けいかく | keikaku | plan | noun |
| 予定 | よてい | yotei | schedule, plans | noun |
| 都合 | つごう | tsugō | convenience, circumstances | noun |
W9 School subjects and study — 学問と勉強 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 教育 | きょういく | kyōiku | education | noun |
| 科学 | かがく | kagaku | science | noun |
| 数学 | すうがく | sūgaku | mathematics | noun |
| 歴史 | れきし | rekishi | history | noun |
| 地理 | ちり | chiri | geography | noun |
| 文学 | ぶんがく | bungaku | literature | noun |
| 経済 | けいざい | keizai | economics, the economy | noun |
| 政治 | せいじ | seiji | politics | noun |
| 法律 | ほうりつ | hōritsu | law | noun |
| 研究 | けんきゅう | kenkyū | research | noun |
| 専門 | せんもん | senmon | speciality, major | noun |
| 講義 | こうぎ | kōgi | lecture | noun |
| 入学 | にゅうがく | nyūgaku | entering a school | noun |
| 卒業 | そつぎょう | sotsugyō | graduation | noun |
| 成績 | せいせき | seiseki | grades, results | noun |
| 発音 | はつおん | hatsuon | pronunciation | noun |
| 文法 | ぶんぽう | bunpō | grammar | noun |
| 会話 | かいわ | kaiwa | conversation | noun |
| 予習 | よしゅう | yoshū | preparation for a lesson | noun |
| 復習 | ふくしゅう | fukushū | review of a lesson | noun |
W10 House and building — 家と建物 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 壁 | かべ | kabe | wall | noun |
| 床 | ゆか | yuka | floor | noun |
| 天井 | てんじょう | tenjō | ceiling | noun |
| 屋根 | やね | yane | roof | noun |
| 屋上 | おくじょう | okujō | rooftop | noun |
| 廊下 | ろうか | rōka | corridor | noun |
| 門 | もん | mon | gate | noun |
| 押し入れ | おしいれ | oshiire | closet (Japanese-style) | noun |
| 引き出し | ひきだし | hikidashi | drawer | noun |
| 棚 | たな | tana | shelf | noun |
| 畳 | たたみ | tatami | tatami mat | noun |
| 布団 | ふとん | futon | futon | noun |
| 毛布 | もうふ | mōfu | blanket | noun |
| 枕 | まくら | makura | pillow | noun |
| カーテン | カーテン | kāten | curtain | noun |
| 鏡 | かがみ | kagami | mirror | noun |
| 水道 | すいどう | suidō | water supply, tap | noun |
| ガス | ガス | gasu | gas | noun |
| 家賃 | やちん | yachin | rent | noun |
| 大家 | おおや | ōya | landlord | noun |
W11 Clothes and shopping — 服と買い物 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| スーツ | スーツ | sūtsu | suit | noun |
| 着物 | きもの | kimono | kimono | noun |
| 下着 | したぎ | shitagi | underwear | noun |
| 手袋 | てぶくろ | tebukuro | gloves | noun |
| 指輪 | ゆびわ | yubiwa | ring | noun |
| アクセサリー | アクセサリー | akusesarī | accessories, jewellery | noun |
| サンダル | サンダル | sandaru | sandals | noun |
| 木綿 | もめん | momen | cotton | noun |
| 絹 | きぬ | kinu | silk | noun |
| 糸 | いと | ito | thread | noun |
| 布 | ぬの | nuno | cloth | noun |
| 値段 | ねだん | nedan | price | noun |
| 品物 | しなもの | shinamono | goods, article | noun |
| 売り場 | うりば | uriba | sales floor, department | noun |
| 安売り | やすうり | yasuuri | sale, bargain | noun |
| 無料 | むりょう | muryō | free of charge | noun |
| お釣り | おつり | otsuri | change (money) | noun |
| レジ | レジ | reji | checkout, till | noun |
| 包む | つつむ | tsutsumu | to wrap | verb |
| 試着する | しちゃくする | shichaku suru | to try on | verb |
W12 Cooking and taste — 料理と味 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 味 | あじ | aji | taste, flavour | noun |
| 味噌 | みそ | miso | miso | noun |
| 醤油 | しょうゆ | shōyu | soy sauce | noun |
| 米 | こめ | kome | rice (uncooked) | noun |
| 豆 | まめ | mame | beans | noun |
| 油 | あぶら | abura | oil | noun |
| 湯 | ゆ | yu | hot water | noun |
| 氷 | こおり | kōri | ice | noun |
| 食料品 | しょくりょうひん | shokuryōhin | groceries | noun |
| 焼く | やく | yaku | to grill, bake, toast | verb |
| 煮る | にる | niru | to simmer, boil (food) | verb |
| 沸かす | わかす | wakasu | to boil (water) | verb |
| 沸く | わく | waku | to come to the boil | verb |
| 冷やす | ひやす | hiyasu | to chill | verb |
| 温める | あたためる | atatameru | to warm up | verb |
| 噛む | かむ | kamu | to chew, bite | verb |
| 腐る | くさる | kusaru | to go bad, rot | verb |
| 匂い | におい | nioi | smell | noun |
| 苦い | にがい | nigai | bitter | い-adjective |
| 柔らかい | やわらかい | yawarakai | soft, tender | い-adjective |
W13 Places in and out of town — 町の場所 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 都会 | とかい | tokai | the city | noun |
| 田舎 | いなか | inaka | the countryside; home town | noun |
| 郊外 | こうがい | kōgai | suburbs | noun |
| 村 | むら | mura | village | noun |
| 島 | しま | shima | island | noun |
| 港 | みなと | minato | harbour, port | noun |
| 遊園地 | ゆうえんち | yūenchi | amusement park | noun |
| 動物園 | どうぶつえん | dōbutsuen | zoo | noun |
| 美術館 | びじゅつかん | bijutsukan | art museum | noun |
| 博物館 | はくぶつかん | hakubutsukan | museum | noun |
| 神社 | じんじゃ | jinja | Shinto shrine | noun |
| 寺 | てら | tera | Buddhist temple | noun |
| 教会 | きょうかい | kyōkai | church | noun |
| 城 | しろ | shiro | castle | noun |
| 湖 | みずうみ | mizuumi | lake | noun |
| 池 | いけ | ike | pond | noun |
| 森 | もり | mori | forest | noun |
| 林 | はやし | hayashi | woods, grove | noun |
| 畑 | はたけ | hatake | field (for crops) | noun |
| 坂 | さか | saka | slope, hill | noun |
W14 Roads and transport — 道と交通 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 乗り物 | のりもの | norimono | vehicle | noun |
| 急行 | きゅうこう | kyūkō | express train | noun |
| 特急 | とっきゅう | tokkyū | limited express | noun |
| 普通 | ふつう | futsū | local train; ordinary | noun |
| 席 | せき | seki | seat | noun |
| 運転 | うんてん | unten | driving | noun |
| 事故 | じこ | jiko | accident | noun |
| 渋滞 | じゅうたい | jūtai | traffic jam | noun |
| 道路 | どうろ | dōro | road | noun |
| 高速道路 | こうそくどうろ | kōsoku dōro | motorway | noun |
| 信号 | しんごう | shingō | traffic light | noun |
| 駐車場 | ちゅうしゃじょう | chūshajō | car park | noun |
| 踏切 | ふみきり | fumikiri | railway crossing | noun |
| 通り | とおり | tōri | street | noun |
| 向かい | むかい | mukai | opposite side | noun |
| 手前 | てまえ | temae | this side, just before | noun |
| 奥 | おく | oku | the back, the far end | noun |
| 裏 | うら | ura | the back, reverse side | noun |
| 表 | おもて | omote | the front, surface | noun |
| 隅 | すみ | sumi | corner (inside) | noun |
W15 Nature, weather, animals — 自然と動物 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 台風 | たいふう | taifū | typhoon | noun |
| 地震 | じしん | jishin | earthquake | noun |
| 雷 | かみなり | kaminari | thunder, lightning | noun |
| 嵐 | あらし | arashi | storm | noun |
| 霧 | きり | kiri | fog | noun |
| 太陽 | たいよう | taiyō | the sun | noun |
| 空気 | くうき | kūki | air | noun |
| 気温 | きおん | kion | air temperature | noun |
| 温度 | おんど | ondo | temperature | noun |
| 季節 | きせつ | kisetsu | season | noun |
| 梅雨 | つゆ | tsuyu | rainy season | noun |
| 桜 | さくら | sakura | cherry blossom | noun |
| 葉 | は | ha | leaf | noun |
| 枝 | えだ | eda | branch | noun |
| 草 | くさ | kusa | grass | noun |
| 虫 | むし | mushi | insect | noun |
| 馬 | うま | uma | horse | noun |
| 牛 | うし | ushi | cow | noun |
| 豚 | ぶた | buta | pig | noun |
| 鶏 | にわとり | niwatori | chicken (the bird) | noun |
W16 Time words — 時を表すことば 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 最近 | さいきん | saikin | recently | noun |
| 最初 | さいしょ | saisho | the beginning, first | noun |
| 最後 | さいご | saigo | the end, last | noun |
| 今度 | こんど | kondo | this time; next time | noun |
| 昔 | むかし | mukashi | long ago | noun |
| 将来 | しょうらい | shōrai | the future (one's own) | noun |
| 途中 | とちゅう | tochū | on the way, midway | noun |
| 頃 | ころ | koro | around (a time) | noun |
| 夜中 | よなか | yonaka | the middle of the night | noun |
| 〜週間 | 〜しゅうかん | -shūkan | … weeks | counter |
| 年末 | ねんまつ | nenmatsu | end of the year | noun |
| 正月 | しょうがつ | shōgatsu | New Year | noun |
| 休日 | きゅうじつ | kyūjitsu | holiday, day off | noun |
| 平日 | へいじつ | heijitsu | weekday | noun |
| 祝日 | しゅくじつ | shukujitsu | public holiday | noun |
| 明後日 | あさって | asatte | the day after tomorrow | noun |
| 一昨日 | おととい | ototoi | the day before yesterday | noun |
| 再来週 | さらいしゅう | saraishū | the week after next | noun |
| 再来年 | さらいねん | sarainen | the year after next | noun |
| 日にち | ひにち | hinichi | date, the day | noun |
W17 Adverbs 1: how much — 副詞 1・程度 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| ほとんど | ほとんど | hotondo | almost, mostly; hardly | adverb |
| だいぶ | だいぶ | daibu | considerably | adverb |
| ずいぶん | ずいぶん | zuibun | very, quite | adverb |
| なかなか | なかなか | nakanaka | quite; (neg.) not easily | adverb |
| ちっとも | ちっとも | chittomo | not at all | adverb |
| 全然 | ぜんぜん | zenzen | not at all | adverb |
| 必ず | かならず | kanarazu | without fail, certainly | adverb |
| きっと | きっと | kitto | surely | adverb |
| ぜひ | ぜひ | zehi | by all means | adverb |
| 特に | とくに | toku ni | especially | adverb |
| 例えば | たとえば | tatoeba | for example | adverb |
| 別に | べつに | betsu ni | (not) particularly | adverb |
| 確か | たしか | tashika | if I remember right; certain | adverb |
| 決して | けっして | kesshite | never (with negative) | adverb |
| ずっと | ずっと | zutto | all along; by far | adverb |
| しっかり | しっかり | shikkari | firmly, properly | adverb |
| はっきり | はっきり | hakkiri | clearly | adverb |
| 相当 | そうとう | sōtō | considerably | adverb |
| 十分 | じゅうぶん | jūbun | enough, sufficiently | adverb |
| もちろん | もちろん | mochiron | of course | adverb |
W18 Adverbs 2: when and how — 副詞 2・時と様子 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 急に | きゅうに | kyū ni | suddenly | adverb |
| 突然 | とつぜん | totsuzen | suddenly, abruptly | adverb |
| やっと | やっと | yatto | at last, finally | adverb |
| とうとう | とうとう | tōtō | in the end, finally | adverb |
| どんどん | どんどん | dondon | rapidly, more and more | adverb |
| ますます | ますます | masumasu | increasingly | adverb |
| たまに | たまに | tama ni | occasionally | adverb |
| そろそろ | そろそろ | sorosoro | about time to | adverb |
| さっき | さっき | sakki | a little while ago | adverb |
| 先ほど | さきほど | sakihodo | a little while ago (polite) | adverb |
| しばらく | しばらく | shibaraku | for a while | adverb |
| まず | まず | mazu | first of all | adverb |
| 次に | つぎに | tsugi ni | next | adverb |
| 最後に | さいごに | saigo ni | lastly | adverb |
| のんびり | のんびり | nonbiri | leisurely, relaxed | adverb |
| そっと | そっと | sotto | quietly, gently | adverb |
| ちゃんと | ちゃんと | chanto | properly | adverb |
| うっかり | うっかり | ukkari | carelessly | adverb |
| わざと | わざと | wazato | on purpose | adverb |
| できるだけ | できるだけ | dekiru dake | as much as possible | adverb |
W19 な-adjectives — な形容詞 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 安全 | あんぜん | anzen | safe | な-adjective |
| 危険 | きけん | kiken | dangerous | な-adjective |
| 丁寧 | ていねい | teinei | polite, careful | な-adjective |
| 熱心 | ねっしん | nesshin | enthusiastic | な-adjective |
| 真面目 | まじめ | majime | serious, earnest | な-adjective |
| 正直 | しょうじき | shōjiki | honest | な-adjective |
| 複雑 | ふくざつ | fukuzatsu | complicated | な-adjective |
| 自由 | じゆう | jiyū | free (unrestricted) | な-adjective |
| 不便 | ふべん | fuben | inconvenient | な-adjective |
| 邪魔 | じゃま | jama | in the way, a nuisance | な-adjective |
| 適当 | てきとう | tekitō | suitable; half-hearted | な-adjective |
| 無理 | むり | muri | impossible, unreasonable | な-adjective |
| 大事 | だいじ | daiji | important | な-adjective |
| 必要 | ひつよう | hitsuyō | necessary | な-adjective |
| 特別 | とくべつ | tokubetsu | special | な-adjective |
| 変 | へん | hen | strange | な-adjective |
| 盛ん | さかん | sakan | thriving, popular | な-adjective |
| 失礼 | しつれい | shitsurei | rude; excuse me | な-adjective |
| 不思議 | ふしぎ | fushigi | mysterious, strange | な-adjective |
| だめ | だめ | dame | no good, not allowed | な-adjective |
W20 い-adjectives — い形容詞 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 深い | ふかい | fukai | deep | い-adjective |
| 浅い | あさい | asai | shallow | い-adjective |
| 細かい | こまかい | komakai | fine, detailed; small (change) | い-adjective |
| 苦しい | くるしい | kurushii | painful, hard to bear | い-adjective |
| 珍しい | めずらしい | mezurashii | rare, unusual | い-adjective |
| 正しい | ただしい | tadashii | correct | い-adjective |
| 厳しい | きびしい | kibishii | strict, severe | い-adjective |
| 美しい | うつくしい | utsukushii | beautiful | い-adjective |
| 素晴らしい | すばらしい | subarashii | wonderful | い-adjective |
| 激しい | はげしい | hageshii | violent, intense | い-adjective |
| 偉い | えらい | erai | great, admirable | い-adjective |
| ひどい | ひどい | hidoi | terrible, cruel | い-adjective |
| 懐かしい | なつかしい | natsukashii | nostalgic, dear | い-adjective |
| 詳しい | くわしい | kuwashii | detailed; knowledgeable | い-adjective |
| 親しい | したしい | shitashii | close, intimate | い-adjective |
| 恐ろしい | おそろしい | osoroshii | terrifying | い-adjective |
| おかしい | おかしい | okashii | funny; strange | い-adjective |
| うまい | うまい | umai | tasty; skilful | い-adjective |
| 固い | かたい | katai | hard, firm, stiff | い-adjective |
| ぬるい | ぬるい | nurui | lukewarm | い-adjective |
W21 Counters and amounts — 助数詞と量 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 〜倍 | 〜ばい | -bai | times (double, triple) | counter |
| 〜番目 | 〜ばんめ | -banme | the …th | counter |
| 〜軒 | 〜けん | -ken | counter for houses | counter |
| 〜杯 | 〜はい | -hai | counter for cupfuls | counter |
| 〜度 | 〜ど | -do | degrees; times | counter |
| 〜足 | 〜そく | -soku | counter for pairs of shoes | counter |
| 〜着 | 〜ちゃく | -chaku | counter for suits of clothes | counter |
| 〜通 | 〜つう | -tsū | counter for letters | counter |
| 〜メートル | 〜メートル | -mētoru | metres | counter |
| 〜グラム | 〜グラム | -guramu | grams | counter |
| 億 | おく | oku | a hundred million | number |
| 以上 | いじょう | ijō | … or more | noun |
| 以下 | いか | ika | … or less | noun |
| 以内 | いない | inai | within | noun |
| 以外 | いがい | igai | except, other than | noun |
| 残り | のこり | nokori | the rest, remainder | noun |
| 両方 | りょうほう | ryōhō | both | noun |
| 片方 | かたほう | katahō | one of a pair | noun |
| 大勢 | おおぜい | ōzei | a large number of people | noun |
| 数 | かず | kazu | number, amount | noun |
W22 Talking and messages — 会話とことば 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 意見 | いけん | iken | opinion | noun |
| 冗談 | じょうだん | jōdan | joke | noun |
| 嘘 | うそ | uso | lie | noun |
| 秘密 | ひみつ | himitsu | secret | noun |
| 噂 | うわさ | uwasa | rumour | noun |
| 予約 | よやく | yoyaku | reservation | noun |
| 注文 | ちゅうもん | chūmon | order (in a shop) | noun |
| 説明 | せつめい | setsumei | explanation | noun |
| 相談 | そうだん | sōdan | consultation, advice | noun |
| 紹介 | しょうかい | shōkai | introduction | noun |
| 理由 | りゆう | riyū | reason | noun |
| 原因 | げんいん | gen'in | cause | noun |
| 結果 | けっか | kekka | result | noun |
| 用 | よう | yō | business, errand, use | noun |
| お知らせ | おしらせ | oshirase | notice, announcement | noun |
| 伝言 | でんごん | dengon | message (left for someone) | noun |
| 宛先 | あてさき | atesaki | address (on a letter) | noun |
| 封筒 | ふうとう | fūtō | envelope | noun |
| はがき | はがき | hagaki | postcard | noun |
| 小包 | こづつみ | kozutsumi | parcel | noun |
W23 Events and entertainment — 行事と娯楽 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 祭り | まつり | matsuri | festival | noun |
| 花見 | はなみ | hanami | cherry-blossom viewing | noun |
| 結婚 | けっこん | kekkon | marriage | noun |
| 結婚式 | けっこんしき | kekkonshiki | wedding | noun |
| 卒業式 | そつぎょうしき | sotsugyōshiki | graduation ceremony | noun |
| 展覧会 | てんらんかい | tenrankai | exhibition | noun |
| 音楽会 | おんがくかい | ongakukai | concert | noun |
| コンサート | コンサート | konsāto | concert | noun |
| 踊り | おどり | odori | dance | noun |
| 小説 | しょうせつ | shōsetsu | novel | noun |
| 漫画 | まんが | manga | manga, comics | noun |
| 番組 | ばんぐみ | bangumi | TV programme | noun |
| 放送 | ほうそう | hōsō | broadcast | noun |
| ドラマ | ドラマ | dorama | TV drama | noun |
| アニメ | アニメ | anime | animation | noun |
| 人形 | にんぎょう | ningyō | doll | noun |
| おもちゃ | おもちゃ | omocha | toy | noun |
| ゲーム | ゲーム | gēmu | game (video game, board game) | noun |
| 試合 | しあい | shiai | match, game (sport) | noun |
| 運動 | うんどう | undō | exercise, sport | noun |
W24 Machines, and when things go wrong — 機械と緊急 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| コンピューター | コンピューター | konpyūtā | computer | noun |
| インターネット | インターネット | intānetto | the internet | noun |
| メール | メール | mēru | email | noun |
| 携帯電話 | けいたいでんわ | keitai denwa | mobile phone | noun |
| 画面 | がめん | gamen | screen | noun |
| 機械 | きかい | kikai | machine | noun |
| 道具 | どうぐ | dōgu | tool | noun |
| 電池 | でんち | denchi | battery | noun |
| エアコン | エアコン | eakon | air conditioner | noun |
| ストーブ | ストーブ | sutōbu | heater | noun |
| 冷房 | れいぼう | reibō | air conditioning (cooling) | noun |
| 暖房 | だんぼう | danbō | heating | noun |
| スイッチ | スイッチ | suitchi | switch | noun |
| 故障 | こしょう | koshō | breakdown, out of order | noun |
| 火事 | かじ | kaji | fire (a blaze) | noun |
| 警察 | けいさつ | keisatsu | police | noun |
| 泥棒 | どろぼう | dorobō | thief | noun |
| 事件 | じけん | jiken | incident, case | noun |
| 救急車 | きゅうきゅうしゃ | kyūkyūsha | ambulance | noun |
| 非常口 | ひじょうぐち | hijōguchi | emergency exit | noun |
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 貯金 | ちょきん | chokin | savings | noun |
| 現金 | げんきん | genkin | cash | noun |
| 札 | さつ | satsu | banknote | noun |
| 小銭 | こぜに | kozeni | small change, coins | noun |
| 料金 | りょうきん | ryōkin | fee, charge | noun |
| 費用 | ひよう | hiyō | cost, expense | noun |
| 税金 | ぜいきん | zeikin | tax | noun |
| 有料 | ゆうりょう | yūryō | charged, not free | noun |
| 割引 | わりびき | waribiki | discount | noun |
| 会計 | かいけい | kaikei | bill, accounts | noun |
| 支払い | しはらい | shiharai | payment | noun |
| 払う | はらう | harau | to pay | verb |
| 貯める | ためる | tameru | to save up | verb |
| 小遣い | こづかい | kozukai | pocket money | noun |
| 貯金箱 | ちょきんばこ | chokinbako | piggy bank | noun |
| 引き出す | ひきだす | hikidasu | to withdraw (money) | verb |
| 両替 | りょうがえ | ryōgae | currency exchange; changing money | noun |
| カード | カード | kādo | card | noun |
| 領収書 | りょうしゅうしょ | ryōshūsho | receipt | noun |
| 値上がり | ねあがり | neagari | price rise | noun |
W26 Verbs 4: things that change — 動詞 4・変化 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 増える | ふえる | fueru | to increase | verb |
| 減る | へる | heru | to decrease | verb |
| 変わる | かわる | kawaru | to change | verb |
| 変える | かえる | kaeru | to change (something) | verb |
| 上がる | あがる | agaru | to go up, rise | verb |
| 下がる | さがる | sagaru | to go down, fall | verb |
| 上げる | あげる | ageru | to raise | verb |
| 下げる | さげる | sageru | to lower | verb |
| 始める | はじめる | hajimeru | to begin (something) | verb |
| 続く | つづく | tsuzuku | to continue | verb |
| 続ける | つづける | tsuzukeru | to continue (something) | verb |
| やめる | やめる | yameru | to stop, quit (also 辞める for a job) | verb |
| 動く | うごく | ugoku | to move | verb |
| 動かす | うごかす | ugokasu | to move (something) | verb |
| 集まる | あつまる | atsumaru | to gather | verb |
| 集める | あつめる | atsumeru | to collect | verb |
| 開く | ひらく | hiraku | to open; to hold (an event) | verb |
| 閉じる | とじる | tojiru | to close, shut | verb |
| 割れる | われる | wareru | to break, crack | verb |
| 倒れる | たおれる | taoreru | to fall over, collapse | verb |
W27 Verbs 5: living, growing, ending — 動詞 5・暮らし 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 生きる | いきる | ikiru | to live, be alive | verb |
| 育つ | そだつ | sodatsu | to grow up | verb |
| 育てる | そだてる | sodateru | to raise, bring up | verb |
| 建てる | たてる | tateru | to build | verb |
| 亡くなる | なくなる | nakunaru | to pass away | verb |
| 無くなる | なくなる | nakunaru | to run out, disappear | verb |
| 無くす | なくす | nakusu | to lose (something) | verb |
| 足りる | たりる | tariru | to be enough | verb |
| 済む | すむ | sumu | to be finished, settled | verb |
| 残る | のこる | nokoru | to remain | verb |
| 残す | のこす | nokosu | to leave behind | verb |
| 眠る | ねむる | nemuru | to sleep | verb |
| 太る | ふとる | futoru | to put on weight | verb |
| 痩せる | やせる | yaseru | to lose weight | verb |
| 着替える | きがえる | kigaeru | to change clothes | verb |
| 触る | さわる | sawaru | to touch | verb |
| 投げる | なげる | nageru | to throw | verb |
| 踏む | ふむ | fumu | to step on | verb |
| 転ぶ | ころぶ | korobu | to fall down, trip | verb |
| 滑る | すべる | suberu | to slip, slide | verb |
W28 Verbs 6: with other people — 動詞 6・人と 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 別れる | わかれる | wakareru | to part, split up | verb |
| 付き合う | つきあう | tsukiau | to go out with; keep company | verb |
| 喧嘩する | けんかする | kenka suru | to quarrel, fight | verb |
| 助ける | たすける | tasukeru | to help, rescue | verb |
| 世話する | せわする | sewa suru | to look after | verb |
| 断る | ことわる | kotowaru | to refuse, decline | verb |
| 誘う | さそう | sasou | to invite (along) | verb |
| 招く | まねく | maneku | to invite (formally) | verb |
| 頼る | たよる | tayoru | to rely on | verb |
| 守る | まもる | mamoru | to protect; to keep (a promise) | verb |
| 慣れる | なれる | nareru | to get used to | verb |
| いじめる | いじめる | ijimeru | to bully | verb |
| 驚かす | おどろかす | odorokasu | to surprise (someone) | verb |
| 笑わせる | わらわせる | warawaseru | to make (someone) laugh | verb |
| 待たせる | またせる | mataseru | to keep (someone) waiting | verb |
| 知り合う | しりあう | shiriau | to get acquainted | verb |
| 送別会 | そうべつかい | sōbetsukai | farewell party | noun |
| 歓迎会 | かんげいかい | kangeikai | welcome party | noun |
| お客さん | おきゃくさん | okyakusan | customer, guest (polite) | noun |
| 相手 | あいて | aite | the other person, partner | noun |
W29 Verbs 7: work and study — 動詞 7・仕事と勉強 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 辞める | やめる | yameru | to quit (a job) | verb |
| 学ぶ | まなぶ | manabu | to learn, study | verb |
| 試す | ためす | tamesu | to try out, test | verb |
| 失敗する | しっぱいする | shippai suru | to fail | verb |
| 成功する | せいこうする | seikō suru | to succeed | verb |
| 頑張る | がんばる | ganbaru | to do one's best | verb |
| 努力する | どりょくする | doryoku suru | to make an effort | verb |
| 間違える | まちがえる | machigaeru | to make a mistake | verb |
| 参加する | さんかする | sanka suru | to take part | verb |
| 出席する | しゅっせきする | shusseki suru | to attend | verb |
| 欠席する | けっせきする | kesseki suru | to be absent | verb |
| 遅刻する | ちこくする | chikoku suru | to be late (for) | verb |
| 留学する | りゅうがくする | ryūgaku suru | to study abroad | verb |
| 進学する | しんがくする | shingaku suru | to go on to further education | verb |
| 就職する | しゅうしょくする | shūshoku suru | to get a job | verb |
| 退職する | たいしょくする | taishoku suru | to retire, leave a job | verb |
| 申し込む | もうしこむ | mōshikomu | to apply, sign up | verb |
| 受ける | うける | ukeru | to take (an exam); receive | verb |
| 合格する | ごうかくする | gōkaku suru | to pass (an exam) | verb |
| 暮らす | くらす | kurasu | to live, get by | verb |
W30 Society and the world — 社会と世界 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 世界 | せかい | sekai | the world | noun |
| 社会 | しゃかい | shakai | society | noun |
| 文化 | ぶんか | bunka | culture | noun |
| 国際 | こくさい | kokusai | international | noun |
| 戦争 | せんそう | sensō | war | noun |
| 平和 | へいわ | heiwa | peace | noun |
| 人口 | じんこう | jinkō | population | noun |
| 政府 | せいふ | seifu | government | noun |
| 市民 | しみん | shimin | citizen | noun |
| 市役所 | しやくしょ | shiyakusho | city hall | noun |
| 県 | けん | ken | prefecture | noun |
| 市 | し | shi | city (administrative) | noun |
| 首都 | しゅと | shuto | capital city | noun |
| 宗教 | しゅうきょう | shūkyō | religion | noun |
| 自然 | しぜん | shizen | nature | noun |
| 環境 | かんきょう | kankyō | environment | noun |
| 交通 | こうつう | kōtsū | traffic, transport | noun |
| 規則 | きそく | kisoku | rule, regulation | noun |
| 習慣 | しゅうかん | shūkan | custom, habit | noun |
| 生活 | せいかつ | seikatsu | daily life, living | noun |
W31 Things and materials — 物と材料 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 石 | いし | ishi | stone | noun |
| 砂 | すな | suna | sand | noun |
| 土 | つち | tsuchi | earth, soil | noun |
| ガラス | ガラス | garasu | glass (material) | noun |
| 紙 | かみ | kami | paper | noun |
| プラスチック | プラスチック | purasuchikku | plastic | noun |
| 金属 | きんぞく | kinzoku | metal | noun |
| 鉄 | てつ | tetsu | iron | noun |
| 木材 | もくざい | mokuzai | timber, wood | noun |
| 箱 | はこ | hako | box | noun |
| 袋 | ふくろ | fukuro | bag, sack | noun |
| 蓋 | ふた | futa | lid | noun |
| 瓶 | びん | bin | bottle, jar | noun |
| 缶 | かん | kan | can, tin | noun |
| ひも | ひも | himo | string, cord | noun |
| ゴム | ゴム | gomu | rubber | noun |
| 釘 | くぎ | kugi | nail (for hammering) | noun |
| 針 | はり | hari | needle | noun |
| 厚さ | あつさ | atsusa | thickness | noun |
| 重さ | おもさ | omosa | weight | noun |
W32 Getting ready in the morning — 朝の支度 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 目が覚める | めがさめる | me ga sameru | to wake up | verb |
| 起こす | おこす | okosu | to wake (someone) up | verb |
| 洗面所 | せんめんじょ | senmenjo | washroom | noun |
| 剃る | そる | soru | to shave | verb |
| 化粧する | けしょうする | keshō suru | to put on make-up | verb |
| 髪を切る | かみをきる | kami o kiru | to have a haircut | verb |
| 結ぶ | むすぶ | musubu | to tie | verb |
| 締める | しめる | shimeru | to fasten, tighten (a tie, a belt) | verb |
| 外す | はずす | hazusu | to take off, unfasten | verb |
| 畳む | たたむ | tatamu | to fold | verb |
| 掃く | はく | haku | to sweep | verb |
| 拭く | ふく | fuku | to wipe | verb |
| 支度 | したく | shitaku | preparations, getting ready | noun |
| 歯磨き | はみがき | hamigaki | brushing one's teeth; toothpaste | noun |
| 歯ブラシ | はブラシ | haburashi | toothbrush | noun |
| せっけん | せっけん | sekken | soap | noun |
| タオル | タオル | taoru | towel | noun |
| シャンプー | シャンプー | shanpū | shampoo | noun |
| ひげ | ひげ | hige | beard, moustache | noun |
| お化粧 | おけしょう | okeshō | make-up | noun |
W33 Describing people — 人を表すことば 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 性格 | せいかく | seikaku | personality | noun |
| 態度 | たいど | taido | attitude | noun |
| 様子 | ようす | yōsu | appearance, state, the look of | noun |
| 格好 | かっこう | kakkō | appearance, look; shape | noun |
| 美人 | びじん | bijin | beautiful woman | noun |
| 年齢 | ねんれい | nenrei | age | noun |
| 大人 | おとな | otona | adult | noun |
| 青年 | せいねん | seinen | young man, youth | noun |
| 老人 | ろうじん | rōjin | elderly person | noun |
| 独身 | どくしん | dokushin | single, unmarried | noun |
| 夫婦 | ふうふ | fūfu | married couple | noun |
| 親戚 | しんせき | shinseki | relatives | noun |
| 知り合い | しりあい | shiriai | acquaintance | noun |
| 素直 | すなお | sunao | docile, honest, straightforward | な-adjective |
| 賢い | かしこい | kashikoi | clever, wise | い-adjective |
| おとなしい | おとなしい | otonashii | quiet, gentle | い-adjective |
| わがまま | わがまま | wagamama | selfish, spoilt | な-adjective |
| 乱暴 | らんぼう | ranbō | rough, violent | な-adjective |
| 上品 | じょうひん | jōhin | refined, elegant | な-adjective |
| 下品 | げひん | gehin | vulgar | な-adjective |
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 用事 | ようじ | yōji | errand, something to do | noun |
| 手続き | てつづき | tetsuzuki | procedure, paperwork | noun |
| 申込書 | もうしこみしょ | mōshikomisho | application form | noun |
| 書き方 | かきかた | kakikata | how to write | noun |
| 記入する | きにゅうする | kinyū suru | to fill in | verb |
| 印鑑 | いんかん | inkan | personal seal | noun |
| サイン | サイン | sain | signature | noun |
| 身分証明書 | みぶんしょうめいしょ | mibun shōmeisho | ID | noun |
| 住所 | じゅうしょ | jūsho | address | noun |
| 郵便 | ゆうびん | yūbin | post, mail | noun |
| 速達 | そくたつ | sokutatsu | express mail | noun |
| 船便 | ふなびん | funabin | surface mail | noun |
| 航空便 | こうくうびん | kōkūbin | airmail | noun |
| 届ける | とどける | todokeru | to deliver, hand in | verb |
| 窓口 | まどぐち | madoguchi | counter, window | noun |
| 番号札 | ばんごうふだ | bangōfuda | numbered ticket | noun |
| 順番 | じゅんばん | junban | turn, order | noun |
| 書き直す | かきなおす | kakinaosu | to rewrite | verb |
| コピー | コピー | kopī | copy | noun |
| 届く | とどく | todoku | to arrive, be delivered | verb |
W35 Sports and outdoors — スポーツと外遊び 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 水泳 | すいえい | suiei | swimming | noun |
| スキー | スキー | sukī | skiing | noun |
| スケート | スケート | sukēto | skating | noun |
| ジョギング | ジョギング | jogingu | jogging | noun |
| 野球 | やきゅう | yakyū | baseball | noun |
| 柔道 | じゅうどう | jūdō | judo | noun |
| 釣り | つり | tsuri | fishing | noun |
| 登山 | とざん | tozan | mountain climbing | noun |
| キャンプ | キャンプ | kyanpu | camping | noun |
| ピクニック | ピクニック | pikunikku | picnic | noun |
| 散歩する | さんぽする | sanpo suru | to take a walk | verb |
| 競争 | きょうそう | kyōsō | competition, race | noun |
| 勝つ | かつ | katsu | to win | verb |
| 負ける | まける | makeru | to lose | verb |
| 勝負 | しょうぶ | shōbu | match, contest | noun |
| 選手 | せんしゅ | senshu | player, athlete | noun |
| チーム | チーム | chīmu | team | noun |
| ボール | ボール | bōru | ball | noun |
| 優勝 | ゆうしょう | yūshō | championship, first place | noun |
| 汗 | あせ | ase | sweat | noun |
W36 Connectors — 接続のことば 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| しかし | しかし | shikashi | however | conjunction |
| けれども | けれども | keredomo | but, although | conjunction |
| それで | それで | sorede | and so, therefore | conjunction |
| すると | すると | suruto | thereupon, and then | conjunction |
| それに | それに | soreni | besides, moreover | conjunction |
| または | または | matawa | or | conjunction |
| ところで | ところで | tokorode | by the way | conjunction |
| つまり | つまり | tsumari | in other words | conjunction |
| そこで | そこで | sokode | so, thereupon | conjunction |
| ただし | ただし | tadashi | however, provided that | conjunction |
| そのうえ | そのうえ | sonoue | on top of that | conjunction |
| なぜなら | なぜなら | nazenara | because | conjunction |
| 〜のに | 〜のに | -noni | although, despite | particle |
| 〜ので | 〜ので | -node | because, since | particle |
| 〜けど | 〜けど | -kedo | but (casual) | particle |
| 〜し | 〜し | -shi | and what's more (listing reasons) | particle |
| 〜ながら | 〜ながら | -nagara | while doing | particle |
| 〜とか | 〜とか | -toka | things like … | particle |
| 〜ばかり | 〜ばかり | -bakari | only, nothing but | particle |
| 〜まま | 〜まま | -mama | as it is, unchanged | particle |
W37 Question words and answers — 疑問詞と応答 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| なぜ | なぜ | naze | why | question word |
| どうやって | どうやって | dōyatte | how, by what means | question word |
| どのくらい | どのくらい | dono kurai | how much, how long | question word |
| どんなに | どんなに | donnani | how (much), however | question word |
| 何人 | なんにん | nannin | how many people | question word |
| 何度 | なんど | nando | how many times; what temperature | question word |
| 何か | なにか | nanika | something | pronoun |
| 誰か | だれか | dareka | someone | pronoun |
| どこか | どこか | dokoka | somewhere | pronoun |
| いつか | いつか | itsuka | someday | adverb |
| 何も | なにも | nanimo | nothing (with negative) | pronoun |
| 誰も | だれも | daremo | no one (with negative) | pronoun |
| どこも | どこも | dokomo | nowhere; everywhere | pronoun |
| どちらも | どちらも | dochiramo | both; neither | pronoun |
| ええ | ええ | ee | yes (softer than はい) | phrase |
| うん | うん | un | yeah (casual) | phrase |
| いや | いや | iya | no (casual) | phrase |
| さあ | さあ | sā | well…, I'm not sure | phrase |
| そうですね | そうですね | sō desu ne | that's right; let me see | phrase |
| なるほど | なるほど | naruhodo | I see, indeed | phrase |
W38 Set phrases for everyday situations — 場面の決まり文句 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| お疲れ様でした | おつかれさまでした | otsukaresama deshita | thanks for your hard work (leaving work) | phrase |
| お先に失礼します | おさきにしつれいします | osaki ni shitsurei shimasu | excuse me for leaving first | phrase |
| お世話になりました | おせわになりました | osewa ni narimashita | thank you for all your help | phrase |
| お待たせしました | おまたせしました | omatase shimashita | sorry to keep you waiting | phrase |
| お邪魔します | おじゃまします | ojama shimasu | excuse me (entering a home) | phrase |
| 失礼しました | しつれいしました | shitsurei shimashita | I'm sorry, excuse me (after the fact) | phrase |
| 遅れてすみません | おくれてすみません | okurete sumimasen | sorry I'm late | phrase |
| おめでとうございます | おめでとうございます | omedetō gozaimasu | congratulations | phrase |
| お大事に | おだいじに | odaiji ni | take care (to someone ill) | phrase |
| いってらっしゃい | いってらっしゃい | itterasshai | see you later (to someone leaving) | phrase |
| かしこまりました | かしこまりました | kashikomarimashita | certainly (shop staff) | phrase |
| 少々お待ちください | しょうしょうおまちください | shōshō omachi kudasai | one moment please | phrase |
| もしもし | もしもし | moshimoshi | hello (on the phone) | phrase |
| お久しぶりです | おひさしぶりです | ohisashiburi desu | long time no see | phrase |
| お元気で | おげんきで | ogenki de | take care, all the best | phrase |
| いいえ、結構です | いいえけっこうです | iie kekkō desu | no, thank you | phrase |
| お構いなく | おかまいなく | okamainaku | please don't go to any trouble | phrase |
| ごめんください | ごめんください | gomen kudasai | excuse me, is anyone home? | phrase |
| それはいけませんね | それはいけませんね | sore wa ikemasen ne | that's too bad | phrase |
| よろしくお伝えください | よろしくおつたえください | yoroshiku otsutae kudasai | please give my regards | phrase |
W39 Plans, hopes and abilities — 予定・希望・能力 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| つもり | つもり | tsumori | intention | noun |
| 夢中 | むちゅう | muchū | absorbed in, crazy about | な-adjective |
| 希望 | きぼう | kibō | hope, wish | noun |
| 夢 | ゆめ | yume | dream | noun |
| 目的 | もくてき | mokuteki | purpose | noun |
| 目標 | もくひょう | mokuhyō | goal, target | noun |
| 機会 | きかい | kikai | opportunity | noun |
| 場合 | ばあい | baai | case, situation | noun |
| 方法 | ほうほう | hōhō | method, way | noun |
| 準備 | じゅんび | junbi | preparation | noun |
| 注意 | ちゅうい | chūi | attention, care, warning | noun |
| 興味 | きょうみ | kyōmi | interest | noun |
| 自信 | じしん | jishin | confidence | noun |
| 能力 | のうりょく | nōryoku | ability | noun |
| 才能 | さいのう | sainō | talent | noun |
| 得意 | とくい | tokui | one's strong point, good at | な-adjective |
| 苦手 | にがて | nigate | one's weak point, bad at | な-adjective |
| 可能 | かのう | kanō | possible | な-adjective |
| 不可能 | ふかのう | fukanō | impossible | な-adjective |
| できる | できる | dekiru | to be able; to be finished, made | verb |
W40 Sounds, light and the senses — 音・光・感覚 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
|---|
| 音 | おと | oto | sound | noun |
| 声を出す | こえをだす | koe o dasu | to speak up, make a sound | verb |
| 騒ぐ | さわぐ | sawagu | to make a racket | verb |
| 鳴る | なる | naru | to ring, sound | verb |
| 鳴く | なく | naku | to cry, sing (animals, birds) | verb |
| 叫ぶ | さけぶ | sakebu | to shout | verb |
| 騒音 | そうおん | sōon | noise | noun |
| 光 | ひかり | hikari | light | noun |
| 光る | ひかる | hikaru | to shine, glitter | verb |
| 影 | かげ | kage | shadow | noun |
| 煙 | けむり | kemuri | smoke | noun |
| 臭い | くさい | kusai | smelly | い-adjective |
| 香り | かおり | kaori | fragrance, scent | noun |
| 景色 | けしき | keshiki | scenery | noun |
| 見える | みえる | mieru | to be visible, can see | verb |
| 見せる | みせる | miseru | to show | verb |
| 触れる | ふれる | fureru | to touch lightly | verb |
| 味わう | あじわう | ajiwau | to taste, savour | verb |
| まぶしい | まぶしい | mabushii | dazzling, glaring | い-adjective |
| 感じる | かんじる | kanjiru | to feel, sense | verb |