JLPT N3 vocabulary — the full list
1200 words · 60 themes · printable sets →
Ctrl/Cmd + F finds a word. Each theme links to its two-page practice sheet.
Readings are the everyday ones; where a number has two, the sheet says so.
X1 People in society — 人と社会 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 人々 | ひとびと | hitobito | people | noun |
| 国民 | こくみん | kokumin | the people of a nation, citizens | noun |
| 個人 | こじん | kojin | individual | noun |
| 他人 | たにん | tanin | other people, strangers | noun |
| 本人 | ほんにん | honnin | the person himself/herself | noun |
| 大人しい | おとなしい | otonashii | quiet, well-behaved | い-adjective |
| 年寄り | としより | toshiyori | elderly person | noun |
| 若者 | わかもの | wakamono | young people | noun |
| 作者 | さくしゃ | sakusha | author, creator | noun |
| 著者 | ちょしゃ | chosha | author (of a book) | noun |
| 専門家 | せんもんか | senmonka | expert, specialist | noun |
| 係 | かかり | kakari | person in charge | noun |
| 担当 | たんとう | tantō | being in charge; the person in charge | noun |
| 上司 | じょうし | jōshi | one's boss | noun |
| 部下 | ぶか | buka | subordinate | noun |
| 同僚 | どうりょう | dōryō | colleague | noun |
| 隣人 | りんじん | rinjin | neighbour | noun |
| 知人 | ちじん | chijin | acquaintance | noun |
| 恋人 | こいびと | koibito | boyfriend, girlfriend | noun |
| 人物 | じんぶつ | jinbutsu | person, figure, character | noun |
X2 Character and manner — 性格と態度 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 性質 | せいしつ | seishitsu | nature, disposition; property | noun |
| 癖 | くせ | kuse | habit, quirk | noun |
| 礼儀 | れいぎ | reigi | manners, etiquette | noun |
| 人柄 | ひとがら | hitogara | personality, character | noun |
| 印象 | いんしょう | inshō | impression | noun |
| 魅力 | みりょく | miryoku | charm, appeal | noun |
| 欠点 | けってん | ketten | flaw, weak point | noun |
| 長所 | ちょうしょ | chōsho | strong point | noun |
| 陽気 | ようき | yōki | cheerful, merry | な-adjective |
| 無口 | むくち | mukuchi | taciturn, of few words | な-adjective |
| おしゃべり | おしゃべり | oshaberi | chatty; chatter | noun |
| 頑固 | がんこ | ganko | stubborn | な-adjective |
| のろい | のろい | noroi | slow, sluggish | い-adjective |
| 積極的 | せっきょくてき | sekkyokuteki | proactive, positive | な-adjective |
| 消極的 | しょうきょくてき | shōkyokuteki | passive, reluctant | な-adjective |
| 冷静 | れいせい | reisei | calm, cool-headed | な-adjective |
| 勝手 | かって | katte | selfish, as one pleases | な-adjective |
| 臆病 | おくびょう | okubyō | cowardly, timid | な-adjective |
| 気楽 | きらく | kiraku | carefree, relaxed | な-adjective |
| 真剣 | しんけん | shinken | serious, earnest | な-adjective |
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 感情 | かんじょう | kanjō | emotion, feeling | noun |
| 感じ | かんじ | kanji | feeling, impression | noun |
| 怒り | いかり | ikari | anger | noun |
| 恐怖 | きょうふ | kyōfu | fear, terror | noun |
| 不安 | ふあん | fuan | anxiety, unease | noun |
| 緊張 | きんちょう | kinchō | nervousness, tension | noun |
| 満足 | まんぞく | manzoku | satisfaction | noun |
| 不満 | ふまん | fuman | dissatisfaction | noun |
| 感謝 | かんしゃ | kansha | gratitude | noun |
| 誇り | ほこり | hokori | pride | noun |
| 羨ましい | うらやましい | urayamashii | envious, enviable | い-adjective |
| 悔しい | くやしい | kuyashii | frustrating, vexing | い-adjective |
| 恋しい | こいしい | koishii | dear, missed, longed for | い-adjective |
| ありがたい | ありがたい | arigatai | grateful, welcome | い-adjective |
| 憎い | にくい | nikui | hateful, detestable | い-adjective |
| 憧れる | あこがれる | akogareru | to long for, admire | verb |
| 恥ずかしがる | はずかしがる | hazukashigaru | to act shy, be bashful | verb |
| 怒鳴る | どなる | donaru | to shout, yell | verb |
| 慌てる | あわてる | awateru | to panic, hurry flustered | verb |
| 落ち着く | おちつく | ochitsuku | to calm down, settle | verb |
X4 Body and medicine — 体と医療 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 心臓 | しんぞう | shinzō | heart (organ) | noun |
| 胃 | い | i | stomach (organ) | noun |
| 肺 | はい | hai | lungs | noun |
| 脳 | のう | nō | brain | noun |
| 神経 | しんけい | shinkei | nerve; nerves | noun |
| 筋肉 | きんにく | kinniku | muscle | noun |
| 皮膚 | ひふ | hifu | skin | noun |
| 症状 | しょうじょう | shōjō | symptom | noun |
| 体温 | たいおん | taion | body temperature | noun |
| 血圧 | けつあつ | ketsuatsu | blood pressure | noun |
| 癌 | がん | gan | cancer | noun |
| 手術 | しゅじゅつ | shujutsu | surgery | noun |
| 治療 | ちりょう | chiryō | treatment | noun |
| 診察 | しんさつ | shinsatsu | medical examination | noun |
| 検査 | けんさ | kensa | test, inspection | noun |
| 回復 | かいふく | kaifuku | recovery | noun |
| 健康 | けんこう | kenkō | health | noun |
| 栄養 | えいよう | eiyō | nutrition | noun |
| 疲労 | ひろう | hirō | fatigue | noun |
| ストレス | ストレス | sutoresu | stress | noun |
X5 Daily life — 暮らし 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 暮らし | くらし | kurashi | living, livelihood | noun |
| 日常 | にちじょう | nichijō | everyday, daily | noun |
| 家事 | かじ | kaji | housework | noun |
| 家計 | かけい | kakei | household finances | noun |
| 光熱費 | こうねつひ | kōnetsuhi | utility bills | noun |
| 電気代 | でんきだい | denkidai | electricity bill | noun |
| ごみ | ごみ | gomi | rubbish | noun |
| 燃えるごみ | もえるごみ | moeru gomi | burnable rubbish | noun |
| 資源 | しげん | shigen | resources; recyclables | noun |
| 回収 | かいしゅう | kaishū | collection (of rubbish), recall | noun |
| 洗剤 | せんざい | senzai | detergent | noun |
| 掃除機 | そうじき | sōjiki | vacuum cleaner | noun |
| 洗濯機 | せんたくき | sentakuki | washing machine | noun |
| 炊飯器 | すいはんき | suihanki | rice cooker | noun |
| 電子レンジ | でんしレンジ | denshi renji | microwave oven | noun |
| 蛇口 | じゃぐち | jaguchi | tap, faucet | noun |
| 鍵をかける | かぎをかける | kagi o kakeru | to lock | verb |
| 留守 | るす | rusu | absence from home | noun |
| 近所 | きんじょ | kinjo | neighbourhood | noun |
| 引っ越し | ひっこし | hikkoshi | moving house | noun |
X6 Food and eating — 食と食事 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 食欲 | しょくよく | shokuyoku | appetite | noun |
| 食品 | しょくひん | shokuhin | food product | noun |
| 食材 | しょくざい | shokuzai | ingredient | noun |
| 材料 | ざいりょう | zairyō | ingredients, materials | noun |
| 調味料 | ちょうみりょう | chōmiryō | seasoning | noun |
| 小麦 | こむぎ | komugi | wheat | noun |
| 粉 | こな | kona | flour, powder | noun |
| 麺 | めん | men | noodles | noun |
| 丼 | どんぶり | donburi | rice bowl dish | noun |
| おかず | おかず | okazu | side dish | noun |
| おつまみ | おつまみ | otsumami | snack with drinks | noun |
| デザート | デザート | dezāto | dessert | noun |
| 新鮮 | しんせん | shinsen | fresh | な-adjective |
| 生 | なま | nama | raw | noun |
| 濃い | こい | koi | strong, thick (taste, colour) | い-adjective |
| しつこい | しつこい | shitsukoi | heavy, cloying; persistent | い-adjective |
| 噛み切る | かみきる | kamikiru | to bite off | verb |
| 炊く | たく | taku | to cook (rice) | verb |
| 蒸す | むす | musu | to steam | verb |
| 揚げる | あげる | ageru | to deep-fry | verb |
X7 Clothing and appearance — 服装と外見 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 服装 | ふくそう | fukusō | clothing, attire | noun |
| 衣服 | いふく | ifuku | clothes (formal) | noun |
| 制服 | せいふく | seifuku | uniform | noun |
| 水着 | みずぎ | mizugi | swimsuit | noun |
| 裾 | すそ | suso | hem | noun |
| 襟 | えり | eri | collar | noun |
| 袖 | そで | sode | sleeve | noun |
| ボタンを掛ける | ボタンをかける | botan o kakeru | to do up a button | verb |
| 模様 | もよう | moyō | pattern, design | noun |
| 縞 | しま | shima | stripes | noun |
| 派手 | はで | hade | flashy, gaudy | な-adjective |
| 地味 | じみ | jimi | plain, subdued | な-adjective |
| お洒落 | おしゃれ | oshare | stylish | な-adjective |
| 似合う | にあう | niau | to suit (someone) | verb |
| 流行 | りゅうこう | ryūkō | fashion, trend | noun |
| 化粧 | けしょう | keshō | make-up (also N4) | noun |
| 髪型 | かみがた | kamigata | hairstyle | noun |
| 外見 | がいけん | gaiken | outward appearance | noun |
| 身長 | しんちょう | shinchō | height (of a person) | noun |
| 体重 | たいじゅう | taijū | body weight | noun |
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 住宅 | じゅうたく | jūtaku | housing, residence | noun |
| 住居 | じゅうきょ | jūkyo | dwelling | noun |
| 一戸建て | いっこだて | ikkodate | detached house | noun |
| マンション | マンション | manshon | apartment building (concrete) | noun |
| 団地 | だんち | danchi | housing estate | noun |
| 間取り | まどり | madori | floor plan, layout | noun |
| 階 | かい | kai | floor, storey | noun |
| 地下 | ちか | chika | basement, underground | noun |
| 家主 | やぬし | yanushi | landlord, householder | noun |
| 塀 | へい | hei | fence, wall (around a house) | noun |
| 出入り口 | でいりぐち | deiriguchi | entrance and exit, doorway | noun |
| 物置 | ものおき | monooki | storeroom, shed | noun |
| 大家さん | おおやさん | ōyasan | landlord (polite) | noun |
| 敷金 | しききん | shikikin | deposit | noun |
| 契約 | けいやく | keiyaku | contract | noun |
| 不動産 | ふどうさん | fudōsan | real estate | noun |
| 引っ越し先 | ひっこしさき | hikkoshisaki | new address after moving | noun |
| 日当たり | ひあたり | hiatari | exposure to sunlight | noun |
| 日差し | ひざし | hizashi | sunlight, rays of sun | noun |
| 設備 | せつび | setsubi | facilities, fittings | noun |
X9 Town and public facilities — 町と施設 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 施設 | しせつ | shisetsu | facility, institution | noun |
| 役所 | やくしょ | yakusho | government office | noun |
| 区役所 | くやくしょ | kuyakusho | ward office | noun |
| 消防署 | しょうぼうしょ | shōbōsho | fire station | noun |
| 警察署 | けいさつしょ | keisatsusho | police station | noun |
| 裁判所 | さいばんしょ | saibansho | court of law | noun |
| 税務署 | ぜいむしょ | zeimusho | tax office | noun |
| 保育園 | ほいくえん | hoikuen | nursery, day-care | noun |
| 幼稚園 | ようちえん | yōchien | kindergarten | noun |
| 老人ホーム | ろうじんホーム | rōjin hōmu | care home | noun |
| 体育館 | たいいくかん | taiikukan | gymnasium | noun |
| 競技場 | きょうぎじょう | kyōgijō | stadium | noun |
| 劇場 | げきじょう | gekijō | theatre | noun |
| 書店 | しょてん | shoten | bookshop | noun |
| 商店街 | しょうてんがい | shōtengai | shopping street | noun |
| 横町 | よこちょう | yokochō | alley, side street | noun |
| 広場 | ひろば | hiroba | square, plaza | noun |
| 歩道橋 | ほどうきょう | hodōkyō | pedestrian bridge | noun |
| 地域 | ちいき | chiiki | area, region | noun |
| 周辺 | しゅうへん | shūhen | surroundings, vicinity | noun |
X10 Getting about — 交通 2 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 時刻表 | じこくひょう | jikokuhyō | timetable | noun |
| 運賃 | うんちん | unchin | fare | noun |
| 定期券 | ていきけん | teikiken | commuter pass | noun |
| 改札 | かいさつ | kaisatsu | ticket gate | noun |
| 車内 | しゃない | shanai | inside the train/car | noun |
| 車掌 | しゃしょう | shashō | conductor | noun |
| 運行 | うんこう | unkō | operation, service (of trains) | noun |
| 遅延 | ちえん | chien | delay | noun |
| 到着 | とうちゃく | tōchaku | arrival | noun |
| 出発 | しゅっぱつ | shuppatsu | departure | noun |
| 発車 | はっしゃ | hassha | departure (of a vehicle) | noun |
| 停車 | ていしゃ | teisha | stopping (of a vehicle) | noun |
| 通勤 | つうきん | tsūkin | commuting to work | noun |
| 通学 | つうがく | tsūgaku | commuting to school | noun |
| 歩行者 | ほこうしゃ | hokōsha | pedestrian | noun |
| 免許 | めんきょ | menkyo | licence | noun |
| 違反 | いはん | ihan | violation | noun |
| 追い越す | おいこす | oikosu | to overtake | verb |
| 渋滞する | じゅうたいする | jūtai suru | to be congested | verb |
| 迂回 | うかい | ukai | detour | noun |
X11 Nature and the environment — 自然と環境 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 気候 | きこう | kikō | climate | noun |
| 温暖化 | おんだんか | ondanka | global warming | noun |
| 汚染 | おせん | osen | pollution | noun |
| 公害 | こうがい | kōgai | environmental pollution | noun |
| 災害 | さいがい | saigai | disaster | noun |
| 津波 | つなみ | tsunami | tsunami | noun |
| 噴火 | ふんか | funka | volcanic eruption | noun |
| 洪水 | こうずい | kōzui | flood | noun |
| 干ばつ | かんばつ | kanbatsu | drought | noun |
| 大気 | たいき | taiki | the atmosphere | noun |
| 酸素 | さんそ | sanso | oxygen | noun |
| 地球 | ちきゅう | chikyū | the Earth | noun |
| 宇宙 | うちゅう | uchū | space, the universe | noun |
| 砂漠 | さばく | sabaku | desert | noun |
| 岸 | きし | kishi | shore, bank | noun |
| 波 | なみ | nami | wave | noun |
| 谷 | たに | tani | valley | noun |
| 峰 | みね | mine | peak | noun |
| 岩 | いわ | iwa | rock, boulder | noun |
| 泥 | どろ | doro | mud | noun |
X12 Animals and plants — 動植物 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 生物 | せいぶつ | seibutsu | living thing, organism | noun |
| 植物 | しょくぶつ | shokubutsu | plant | noun |
| 昆虫 | こんちゅう | konchū | insect | noun |
| 家畜 | かちく | kachiku | livestock | noun |
| 羊 | ひつじ | hitsuji | sheep | noun |
| 猿 | さる | saru | monkey | noun |
| 熊 | くま | kuma | bear | noun |
| 象 | ぞう | zō | elephant | noun |
| 蛇 | へび | hebi | snake | noun |
| 蛙 | かえる | kaeru | frog | noun |
| 兎 | うさぎ | usagi | rabbit | noun |
| 鼠 | ねずみ | nezumi | mouse, rat | noun |
| 蜂 | はち | hachi | bee, wasp | noun |
| 蝶 | ちょう | chō | butterfly | noun |
| 巣 | す | su | nest | noun |
| 尾 | お | o | tail | noun |
| 種 | たね | tane | seed | noun |
| 芽 | め | me | bud, sprout | noun |
| 稲 | いね | ine | rice plant | noun |
| 麦 | むぎ | mugi | wheat, barley | noun |
X13 School and university — 学校と大学 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 学期 | がっき | gakki | school term | noun |
| 学年 | がくねん | gakunen | school year, grade | noun |
| 学部 | がくぶ | gakubu | faculty, department | noun |
| 学科 | がっか | gakka | academic department, subject | noun |
| 講師 | こうし | kōshi | lecturer | noun |
| 教授 | きょうじゅ | kyōju | professor | noun |
| 教師 | きょうし | kyōshi | teacher (occupation) | noun |
| 児童 | じどう | jidō | schoolchild, juvenile | noun |
| 単位 | たんい | tan'i | credit; unit | noun |
| 論文 | ろんぶん | ronbun | thesis, paper | noun |
| 課題 | かだい | kadai | assignment; issue | noun |
| 提出 | ていしゅつ | teishutsu | submission | noun |
| 締め切り | しめきり | shimekiri | deadline | noun |
| 奨学金 | しょうがくきん | shōgakukin | scholarship | noun |
| 受験 | じゅけん | juken | sitting an entrance exam | noun |
| 合格 | ごうかく | gōkaku | passing (an exam) | noun |
| 不合格 | ふごうかく | fugōkaku | failing (an exam) | noun |
| 暗記 | あんき | anki | memorisation | noun |
| 実験 | じっけん | jikken | experiment | noun |
| 知識 | ちしき | chishiki | knowledge | noun |
X14 Work and careers — 仕事とキャリア 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 職業 | しょくぎょう | shokugyō | occupation | noun |
| 職場 | しょくば | shokuba | workplace | noun |
| 勤務 | きんむ | kinmu | work, duty | noun |
| 求人 | きゅうじん | kyūjin | job vacancy | noun |
| 採用 | さいよう | saiyō | hiring, adoption | noun |
| 面接 | めんせつ | mensetsu | interview | noun |
| 履歴書 | りれきしょ | rirekisho | CV, résumé | noun |
| 昇進 | しょうしん | shōshin | promotion | noun |
| 転職 | てんしょく | tenshoku | changing jobs | noun |
| 解雇 | かいこ | kaiko | dismissal | noun |
| 失業 | しつぎょう | shitsugyō | unemployment | noun |
| 定年 | ていねん | teinen | retirement age | noun |
| 賃金 | ちんぎん | chingin | wages | noun |
| 年収 | ねんしゅう | nenshū | annual income | noun |
| 手当 | てあて | teate | allowance, benefit | noun |
| 有給 | ゆうきゅう | yūkyū | paid leave | noun |
| 労働 | ろうどう | rōdō | labour | noun |
| 組合 | くみあい | kumiai | union, association | noun |
| 責任 | せきにん | sekinin | responsibility | noun |
| 成果 | せいか | seika | results, achievement | noun |
X15 Business and the office — ビジネス 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 企業 | きぎょう | kigyō | enterprise, company | noun |
| 取引 | とりひき | torihiki | transaction, dealings | noun |
| 取引先 | とりひきさき | torihikisaki | client, business partner | noun |
| 顧客 | こきゃく | kokyaku | customer, client | noun |
| 商品 | しょうひん | shōhin | goods, product | noun |
| 製品 | せいひん | seihin | manufactured product | noun |
| 見積もり | みつもり | mitsumori | estimate, quote | noun |
| 請求書 | せいきゅうしょ | seikyūsho | invoice | noun |
| 納品 | のうひん | nōhin | delivery of goods | noun |
| 売上 | うりあげ | uriage | sales, turnover | noun |
| 利益 | りえき | rieki | profit | noun |
| 損 | そん | son | loss | noun |
| 赤字 | あかじ | akaji | deficit, in the red | noun |
| 黒字 | くろじ | kuroji | surplus, in the black | noun |
| 宣伝 | せんでん | senden | advertising, publicity | noun |
| 広告 | こうこく | kōkoku | advertisement | noun |
| 打ち合わせ | うちあわせ | uchiawase | preliminary meeting | noun |
| 報告 | ほうこく | hōkoku | report | noun |
| 承認 | しょうにん | shōnin | approval | noun |
| 締結 | ていけつ | teiketsu | conclusion (of a contract) | noun |
X16 Money and the economy — 金銭と経済 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 物価 | ぶっか | bukka | prices (of commodities) | noun |
| 価格 | かかく | kakaku | price | noun |
| 収入 | しゅうにゅう | shūnyū | income | noun |
| 支出 | ししゅつ | shishutsu | expenditure | noun |
| 予算 | よさん | yosan | budget | noun |
| 節約 | せつやく | setsuyaku | saving, economising | noun |
| 無駄 | むだ | muda | waste, futile | な-adjective |
| 借金 | しゃっきん | shakkin | debt | noun |
| 利子 | りし | rishi | interest (on money) | noun |
| 投資 | とうし | tōshi | investment | noun |
| 株 | かぶ | kabu | shares, stock | noun |
| 景気 | けいき | keiki | the economy, business conditions | noun |
| 不況 | ふきょう | fukyō | recession | noun |
| 消費 | しょうひ | shōhi | consumption | noun |
| 消費税 | しょうひぜい | shōhizei | consumption tax | noun |
| 生産 | せいさん | seisan | production | noun |
| 輸送 | ゆそう | yusō | transport (of goods) | noun |
| 財産 | ざいさん | zaisan | property, fortune | noun |
| 貧しい | まずしい | mazushii | poor | い-adjective |
| 豊か | ゆたか | yutaka | rich, abundant | な-adjective |
X17 Law and crime — 法律と犯罪 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 犯罪 | はんざい | hanzai | crime | noun |
| 犯人 | はんにん | hannin | culprit, criminal | noun |
| 容疑者 | ようぎしゃ | yōgisha | suspect | noun |
| 被害 | ひがい | higai | damage, harm | noun |
| 被害者 | ひがいしゃ | higaisha | victim | noun |
| 加害者 | かがいしゃ | kagaisha | perpetrator | noun |
| 証拠 | しょうこ | shōko | evidence | noun |
| 逮捕 | たいほ | taiho | arrest | noun |
| 裁判 | さいばん | saiban | trial | noun |
| 弁護士 | べんごし | bengoshi | lawyer | noun |
| 判決 | はんけつ | hanketsu | verdict, judgement | noun |
| 罰 | ばつ | batsu | punishment | noun |
| 罰金 | ばっきん | bakkin | fine | noun |
| 法 | ほう | hō | law | noun |
| 有罪 | ゆうざい | yūzai | guilty (verdict) | noun |
| 義務 | ぎむ | gimu | duty, obligation | noun |
| 権利 | けんり | kenri | right (legal) | noun |
| 平等 | びょうどう | byōdō | equality | な-adjective |
| 差別 | さべつ | sabetsu | discrimination | noun |
| 盗む | ぬすむ | nusumu | to steal | verb |
X18 Politics and government — 政治と行政 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 選挙 | せんきょ | senkyo | election | noun |
| 投票 | とうひょう | tōhyō | vote, voting | noun |
| 候補 | こうほ | kōho | candidate | noun |
| 議員 | ぎいん | giin | member of parliament | noun |
| 議会 | ぎかい | gikai | assembly, parliament | noun |
| 国会 | こっかい | kokkai | the Diet, national parliament | noun |
| 大臣 | だいじん | daijin | minister | noun |
| 首相 | しゅしょう | shushō | prime minister | noun |
| 知事 | ちじ | chiji | governor | noun |
| 政策 | せいさく | seisaku | policy | noun |
| 制度 | せいど | seido | system, institution | noun |
| 改革 | かいかく | kaikaku | reform | noun |
| 国籍 | こくせき | kokuseki | nationality | noun |
| 移民 | いみん | imin | immigrant, emigrant | noun |
| 難民 | なんみん | nanmin | refugee | noun |
| 外交 | がいこう | gaikō | diplomacy | noun |
| 条約 | じょうやく | jōyaku | treaty | noun |
| 軍隊 | ぐんたい | guntai | army | noun |
| 兵士 | へいし | heishi | soldier | noun |
| 独立 | どくりつ | dokuritsu | independence | noun |
X19 Media and communication — メディアと伝達 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 情報 | じょうほう | jōhō | information | noun |
| 記事 | きじ | kiji | article | noun |
| 記者 | きしゃ | kisha | reporter | noun |
| 取材 | しゅざい | shuzai | news-gathering, interview | noun |
| 報道 | ほうどう | hōdō | news report, coverage | noun |
| 見出し | みだし | midashi | headline | noun |
| 出版 | しゅっぱん | shuppan | publishing | noun |
| 編集 | へんしゅう | henshū | editing | noun |
| 印刷 | いんさつ | insatsu | printing | noun |
| 表紙 | ひょうし | hyōshi | cover (of a book) | noun |
| 目次 | もくじ | mokuji | table of contents | noun |
| 題 | だい | dai | title, subject | noun |
| 文章 | ぶんしょう | bunshō | text, writing, passage | noun |
| 段落 | だんらく | danraku | paragraph | noun |
| 表現 | ひょうげん | hyōgen | expression | noun |
| 通信 | つうしん | tsūshin | communication, correspondence | noun |
| 宛名 | あてな | atena | addressee's name | noun |
| 差出人 | さしだしにん | sashidashinin | sender | noun |
| 伝わる | つたわる | tsutawaru | to be conveyed, get through | verb |
| 広まる | ひろまる | hiromaru | to spread (news, rumour) | verb |
X20 Technology and science — 科学技術 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 科学者 | かがくしゃ | kagakusha | scientist | noun |
| 技術者 | ぎじゅつしゃ | gijutsusha | engineer, technician | noun |
| 発明 | はつめい | hatsumei | invention | noun |
| 発見 | はっけん | hakken | discovery | noun |
| 開発 | かいはつ | kaihatsu | development | noun |
| 進歩 | しんぽ | shinpo | progress | noun |
| 装置 | そうち | sōchi | device, equipment | noun |
| 部品 | ぶひん | buhin | part, component | noun |
| 燃料 | ねんりょう | nenryō | fuel | noun |
| 電力 | でんりょく | denryoku | electric power | noun |
| 原子力 | げんしりょく | genshiryoku | nuclear power | noun |
| 太陽光 | たいようこう | taiyōkō | solar (light) | noun |
| 合図 | あいず | aizu | signal, sign, cue | noun |
| 電波 | でんぱ | denpa | radio wave, signal | noun |
| データ | データ | dēta | data | noun |
| 操作 | そうさ | sōsa | operation (of a machine) | noun |
| 設定 | せってい | settei | setting, configuration | noun |
| 接続 | せつぞく | setsuzoku | connection | noun |
| 保存 | ほぞん | hozon | saving, preservation | noun |
| 削除 | さくじょ | sakujo | deletion | noun |
X21 Time, again — 時の表現 2 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 期間 | きかん | kikan | period, term | noun |
| 期限 | きげん | kigen | time limit, deadline | noun |
| 時期 | じき | jiki | time, season, period | noun |
| 時代 | じだい | jidai | era, period | noun |
| 現代 | げんだい | gendai | the present day, modern times | noun |
| 当時 | とうじ | tōji | at that time | noun |
| 先日 | せんじつ | senjitsu | the other day | noun |
| 翌日 | よくじつ | yokujitsu | the next day | noun |
| 前日 | ぜんじつ | zenjitsu | the previous day | noun |
| 半年 | はんとし | hantoshi | half a year | noun |
| 四半期 | しはんき | shihanki | quarter (of a year) | noun |
| 年度 | ねんど | nendo | fiscal/academic year | noun |
| 夜明け | よあけ | yoake | dawn | noun |
| 日暮れ | ひぐれ | higure | dusk | noun |
| 深夜 | しんや | shin'ya | late at night | noun |
| 瞬間 | しゅんかん | shunkan | moment, instant | noun |
| 一瞬 | いっしゅん | isshun | a moment | noun |
| 永遠 | えいえん | eien | eternity | noun |
| 常に | つねに | tsune ni | always, constantly | adverb |
| しばしば | しばしば | shibashiba | often, frequently | adverb |
X22 Quantity and degree — 量と程度 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 量 | りょう | ryō | quantity, amount | noun |
| 程度 | ていど | teido | degree, extent, level | noun |
| 割合 | わりあい | wariai | ratio, proportion | noun |
| 平均 | へいきん | heikin | average | noun |
| 合計 | ごうけい | gōkei | total | noun |
| 大部分 | だいぶぶん | daibubun | the majority, most part | noun |
| 一部 | いちぶ | ichibu | a part, some | noun |
| 全体 | ぜんたい | zentai | the whole | noun |
| 最大 | さいだい | saidai | maximum, largest | noun |
| 最小 | さいしょう | saishō | minimum, smallest | noun |
| 約 | やく | yaku | approximately | adverb |
| およそ | およそ | oyoso | about, roughly | adverb |
| せいぜい | せいぜい | seizei | at the most | adverb |
| 少なくとも | すくなくとも | sukunakutomo | at least | adverb |
| 僅か | わずか | wazuka | only a few, slight | な-adjective |
| 多少 | たしょう | tashō | somewhat, more or less | adverb |
| 余分 | よぶん | yobun | extra, surplus | な-adjective |
| 十分に | じゅうぶんに | jūbun ni | sufficiently | adverb |
| 限る | かぎる | kagiru | to limit, be limited to | verb |
| 超す | こす | kosu | to exceed | verb |
X23 い-adjectives 1 — い形容詞 1 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 鋭い | するどい | surudoi | sharp | い-adjective |
| 鈍い | にぶい | nibui | dull, blunt | い-adjective |
| 荒い | あらい | arai | rough, wild | い-adjective |
| 険しい | けわしい | kewashii | steep, severe | い-adjective |
| 緩い | ゆるい | yurui | loose, lenient, gentle (slope) | い-adjective |
| きつい | きつい | kitsui | tight; tough | い-adjective |
| 眩しい | まぶしい | mabushii | dazzling (also N4) | い-adjective |
| 騒がしい | さわがしい | sawagashii | noisy | い-adjective |
| 騒々しい | そうぞうしい | sōzōshii | noisy, boisterous | い-adjective |
| 乏しい | とぼしい | toboshii | scarce, poor in | い-adjective |
| 等しい | ひとしい | hitoshii | equal | い-adjective |
| 細長い | ほそながい | hosonagai | long and thin | い-adjective |
| 丸っこい | まるっこい | marukkoi | roundish | い-adjective |
| 重たい | おもたい | omotai | heavy (felt) | い-adjective |
| 温かい | あたたかい | atatakai | warm (to the touch, of food; of a heart) | い-adjective |
| 生温い | なまぬるい | namanurui | lukewarm; half-hearted | い-adjective |
| 怪しい | あやしい | ayashii | suspicious, doubtful | い-adjective |
| 煙い | けむい | kemui | smoky | い-adjective |
| 眠たい | ねむたい | nemutai | sleepy | い-adjective |
| だるい | だるい | darui | sluggish, heavy-limbed | い-adjective |
X24 い-adjectives 2 and な-adjectives — 形容詞 2 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 幼い | おさない | osanai | very young; childish | い-adjective |
| 頑丈 | がんじょう | ganjō | sturdy, solid | な-adjective |
| 情けない | なさけない | nasakenai | pitiful, shameful | い-adjective |
| くだらない | くだらない | kudaranai | worthless, trivial | い-adjective |
| 勿体無い | もったいない | mottainai | wasteful | い-adjective |
| 厚かましい | あつかましい | atsukamashii | shameless, impudent | い-adjective |
| 明らか | あきらか | akiraka | clear, obvious | な-adjective |
| 曖昧 | あいまい | aimai | vague, ambiguous | な-adjective |
| 正確 | せいかく | seikaku | accurate | な-adjective |
| 確実 | かくじつ | kakujitsu | certain, reliable | な-adjective |
| 単純 | たんじゅん | tanjun | simple | な-adjective |
| 微妙 | びみょう | bimyō | subtle, delicate; iffy | な-adjective |
| 重大 | じゅうだい | jūdai | serious, grave | な-adjective |
| 主要 | しゅよう | shuyō | main, principal | な-adjective |
| 具体的 | ぐたいてき | gutaiteki | concrete, specific | な-adjective |
| 抽象的 | ちゅうしょうてき | chūshōteki | abstract | な-adjective |
| 一般的 | いっぱんてき | ippanteki | general, common | な-adjective |
| 伝統的 | でんとうてき | dentōteki | traditional | な-adjective |
| 現実的 | げんじつてき | genjitsuteki | realistic | な-adjective |
| 平凡 | へいぼん | heibon | ordinary, mediocre | な-adjective |
X25 Adverbs 1: manner — 副詞 1 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| ぐっすり | ぐっすり | gussuri | soundly (asleep) | adverb |
| ぼんやり | ぼんやり | bon'yari | vaguely, absent-mindedly | adverb |
| こっそり | こっそり | kossori | secretly, stealthily | adverb |
| のろのろ | のろのろ | noronoro | slowly, sluggishly | adverb |
| ぎりぎり | ぎりぎり | girigiri | just barely, at the limit | adverb |
| たっぷり | たっぷり | tappuri | plenty, amply | adverb |
| きちんと | きちんと | kichinto | properly, neatly | adverb |
| ぴったり | ぴったり | pittari | exactly, perfectly fitting | adverb |
| ばったり | ばったり | battari | unexpectedly (bumping into) | adverb |
| わざわざ | わざわざ | wazawaza | expressly, going out of one's way | adverb |
| せっかく | せっかく | sekkaku | with trouble, specially | adverb |
| 思わず | おもわず | omowazu | unintentionally, in spite of oneself | adverb |
| たちまち | たちまち | tachimachi | in an instant | adverb |
| 次第に | しだいに | shidai ni | gradually | adverb |
| 徐々に | じょじょに | jojo ni | gradually, little by little | adverb |
| 一斉に | いっせいに | issei ni | all at once, simultaneously | adverb |
| 互いに | たがいに | tagai ni | mutually, each other | adverb |
| 直接 | ちょくせつ | chokusetsu | directly | adverb |
| 自然に | しぜんに | shizen ni | naturally | adverb |
| 遂に | ついに | tsuini | finally, at last | adverb |
X26 Adverbs 2: judgement — 副詞 2 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 果たして | はたして | hatashite | sure enough; really (in questions) | adverb |
| 案外 | あんがい | angai | unexpectedly | adverb |
| 意外に | いがいに | igai ni | unexpectedly, surprisingly | adverb |
| やはり | やはり | yahari | as expected, after all | adverb |
| 結局 | けっきょく | kekkyoku | in the end, after all | adverb |
| 要するに | ようするに | yōsuru ni | in short | adverb |
| 主に | おもに | omoni | mainly | adverb |
| もしかしたら | もしかしたら | moshikashitara | perhaps, by any chance | adverb |
| 万一 | まんいち | man'ichi | by any chance, in the unlikely event | adverb |
| 是非とも | ぜひとも | zehitomo | by all means | adverb |
| 恐らく | おそらく | osoraku | probably, most likely | adverb |
| 確かに | たしかに | tashika ni | certainly, indeed | adverb |
| 当然 | とうぜん | tōzen | naturally, of course | adverb |
| 勿論 | もちろん | mochiron | of course (also N4) | adverb |
| 別々に | べつべつに | betsubetsu ni | separately | adverb |
| 代わりに | かわりに | kawari ni | instead | adverb |
| 相変わらず | あいかわらず | aikawarazu | as ever, as usual | adverb |
| 依然として | いぜんとして | izen to shite | still, as before | adverb |
| 一応 | いちおう | ichiō | for the time being, more or less | adverb |
| 一体 | いったい | ittai | on earth (in questions) | adverb |
X27 Verbs 1: pairs — 動詞 1・自他のペア 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 溶ける | とける | tokeru | to melt, dissolve | verb |
| 溶かす | とかす | tokasu | to melt (something) | verb |
| 冷える | ひえる | hieru | to get cold | verb |
| 冷ます | さます | samasu | to cool (something) down | verb |
| 沈む | しずむ | shizumu | to sink | verb |
| 沈める | しずめる | shizumeru | to sink (something) | verb |
| 浮く | うく | uku | to float | verb |
| 浮かべる | うかべる | ukaberu | to float (something) | verb |
| 伸びる | のびる | nobiru | to stretch, grow, extend | verb |
| 伸ばす | のばす | nobasu | to stretch (something), extend | verb |
| 縮む | ちぢむ | chijimu | to shrink | verb |
| 縮める | ちぢめる | chijimeru | to shrink (something), shorten | verb |
| 揺れる | ゆれる | yureru | to shake, sway | verb |
| 揺らす | ゆらす | yurasu | to shake (something) | verb |
| 回る | まわる | mawaru | to turn, go round (also N4) | verb |
| 回す | まわす | mawasu | to turn (something) | verb |
| 外れる | はずれる | hazureru | to come off; to miss | verb |
| 傾く | かたむく | katamuku | to lean, tilt | verb |
| 傾ける | かたむける | katamukeru | to tilt (something) | verb |
| 崩す | くずす | kuzusu | to demolish, break down; to break (a note) | verb |
X28 Verbs 2: handling things — 動詞 2・物を扱う 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 握る | にぎる | nigiru | to grip, grasp | verb |
| 掴む | つかむ | tsukamu | to grab, seize | verb |
| 抱く | だく | daku | to hold in one's arms, embrace | verb |
| 積む | つむ | tsumu | to pile up, load | verb |
| 重ねる | かさねる | kasaneru | to stack, layer | verb |
| 破る | やぶる | yaburu | to tear; to break (a rule) | verb |
| 破れる | やぶれる | yabureru | to tear, rip | verb |
| 貼る | はる | haru | to stick, paste | verb |
| 剥がす | はがす | hagasu | to peel off | verb |
| 掘る | ほる | horu | to dig | verb |
| 埋める | うめる | umeru | to bury, fill in | verb |
| 注ぐ | そそぐ | sosogu | to pour | verb |
| 零す | こぼす | kobosu | to spill | verb |
| 撫でる | なでる | naderu | to stroke, pat | verb |
| 叩く | たたく | tataku | to hit, knock, tap | verb |
| 殴る | なぐる | naguru | to punch, hit | verb |
| 蹴る | ける | keru | to kick | verb |
| 引っ張る | ひっぱる | hipparu | to pull, drag | verb |
| 絞る | しぼる | shiboru | to wring, squeeze | verb |
| 削る | けずる | kezuru | to shave, sharpen; to cut (a budget) | verb |
X29 Verbs of thinking and speaking — 考える・話す動詞 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 疑う | うたがう | utagau | to doubt, to suspect | verb |
| 判断する | はんだんする | handan suru | to judge, to decide | verb |
| 想像する | そうぞうする | sōzō suru | to imagine | verb |
| 予想する | よそうする | yosō suru | to expect, to predict | verb |
| 納得する | なっとくする | nattoku suru | to be convinced, to accept (an explanation) | verb |
| 迷う | まよう | mayou | to hesitate; to get lost | verb |
| 気づく | きづく | kizuku | to notice, to realise | verb |
| 思いつく | おもいつく | omoitsuku | to think of, to hit on (an idea) | verb |
| 誤解する | ごかいする | gokai suru | to misunderstand | verb |
| 認める | みとめる | mitomeru | to admit, to recognise | verb |
| 主張する | しゅちょうする | shuchō suru | to insist, to assert | verb |
| 表す | あらわす | arawasu | to express, to show | verb |
| 述べる | のべる | noberu | to state, to mention | verb |
| 語る | かたる | kataru | to tell, to talk about | verb |
| 頷く | うなずく | unazuku | to nod | verb |
| 呟く | つぶやく | tsubuyaku | to mutter, to murmur | verb |
| 黙る | だまる | damaru | to fall silent | verb |
| 尋ねる | たずねる | tazuneru | to ask, to inquire | verb |
| 訴える | うったえる | uttaeru | to appeal to; to sue | verb |
| 説く | とく | toku | to explain, to preach | verb |
X30 Verbs of social action — 人と関わる動詞 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 励ます | はげます | hagemasu | to encourage, to cheer up | verb |
| 慰める | なぐさめる | nagusameru | to console, to comfort | verb |
| 許す | ゆるす | yurusu | to forgive, to permit | verb |
| 譲る | ゆずる | yuzuru | to yield, to hand over, to give up (a seat) | verb |
| 甘える | あまえる | amaeru | to act spoiled; to depend on someone's kindness | verb |
| 拒否する | きょひする | kyohi suru | to refuse, to reject | verb |
| 勧める | すすめる | susumeru | to recommend, to urge | verb |
| 従う | したがう | shitagau | to obey, to follow | verb |
| 逆らう | さからう | sakarau | to go against, to defy | verb |
| 協力する | きょうりょくする | kyōryoku suru | to cooperate | verb |
| 争う | あらそう | arasou | to compete, to dispute | verb |
| 競う | きそう | kisou | to compete with | verb |
| 支える | ささえる | sasaeru | to support | verb |
| 助かる | たすかる | tasukaru | to be saved; to be a help | verb |
| 救う | すくう | sukuu | to rescue, to save | verb |
| 見舞う | みまう | mimau | to visit (a sick person) | verb |
| 攻める | せめる | semeru | to attack | verb |
| 責める | せめる | semeru | to blame | verb |
| 騙す | だます | damasu | to deceive | verb |
| 敬う | うやまう | uyamau | to respect, to honour | verb |
X31 Verbs of motion — 動きの動詞 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 通り過ぎる | とおりすぎる | tōrisugiru | to pass by | verb |
| 追う | おう | ou | to chase, to follow | verb |
| 追いつく | おいつく | oitsuku | to catch up with | verb |
| 漂う | ただよう | tadayou | to drift, to float about | verb |
| 昇る | のぼる | noboru | to rise, to ascend (sun, rank) | verb |
| 戻す | もどす | modosu | to return (something), to put back | verb |
| 引き返す | ひきかえす | hikikaesu | to turn back | verb |
| 潜る | もぐる | moguru | to dive, to go under | verb |
| 転がる | ころがる | korogaru | to roll | verb |
| 跳ねる | はねる | haneru | to bounce, to splash | verb |
| 崩れる | くずれる | kuzureru | to collapse, to crumble | verb |
| 倒す | たおす | taosu | to knock down, to defeat | verb |
| 飛び出す | とびだす | tobidasu | to rush out, to jump out | verb |
| 跳ぶ | とぶ | tobu | to jump, to leap | verb |
| 這う | はう | hau | to crawl | verb |
| 跨ぐ | またぐ | matagu | to step over, to straddle | verb |
| 上る | のぼる | noboru | to go up, to climb (stairs, a river) | verb |
| 巡る | めぐる | meguru | to go around, to tour | verb |
| 近づく | ちかづく | chikazuku | to approach | verb |
| 離れる | はなれる | hanareru | to leave, to be apart from | verb |
X32 Verbs of change and state — 変化の動詞 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 増やす | ふやす | fuyasu | to increase (something) | verb |
| 減らす | へらす | herasu | to reduce | verb |
| 弱まる | よわまる | yowamaru | to weaken | verb |
| 広がる | ひろがる | hirogaru | to spread, to widen | verb |
| 広げる | ひろげる | hirogeru | to spread out, to expand | verb |
| 傷む | いたむ | itamu | to be damaged, to spoil (food) | verb |
| 溜まる | たまる | tamaru | to accumulate, to pile up | verb |
| 溜める | ためる | tameru | to save up, to let accumulate | verb |
| 焦げる | こげる | kogeru | to get scorched, to burn (food) | verb |
| 凍る | こおる | kōru | to freeze | verb |
| 強まる | つよまる | tsuyomaru | to strengthen, to intensify | verb |
| 深まる | ふかまる | fukamaru | to deepen | verb |
| 高まる | たかまる | takamaru | to rise, to heighten | verb |
| 枯れる | かれる | kareru | to wither | verb |
| 燃える | もえる | moeru | to burn (intransitive) | verb |
| 燃やす | もやす | moyasu | to burn (something) | verb |
| 向く | むく | muku | to face, to turn towards | verb |
| 裂ける | さける | sakeru | to split, to tear | verb |
| 固まる | かたまる | katamaru | to harden, to set | verb |
| 変化する | へんかする | henka suru | to change, to transform | verb |
X33 Verbs of feeling — 気持ちの動詞 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 焦る | あせる | aseru | to be in a hurry, to panic | verb |
| 感動する | かんどうする | kandō suru | to be moved, to be touched | verb |
| 感謝する | かんしゃする | kansha suru | to be grateful, to thank | verb |
| 呆れる | あきれる | akireru | to be dumbfounded, to be fed up | verb |
| 嫌う | きらう | kirau | to dislike, to hate | verb |
| 悲しむ | かなしむ | kanashimu | to grieve, to be sad about | verb |
| 好む | このむ | konomu | to like, to prefer | verb |
| 楽しむ | たのしむ | tanoshimu | to enjoy | verb |
| 飽きる | あきる | akiru | to get tired of, to be bored | verb |
| 願う | ねがう | negau | to wish, to request | verb |
| 羨む | うらやむ | urayamu | to envy | verb |
| 恨む | うらむ | uramu | to bear a grudge | verb |
| 恐れる | おそれる | osoreru | to fear | verb |
| 怖がる | こわがる | kowagaru | to be scared of | verb |
| 照れる | てれる | tereru | to be shy, to be embarrassed | verb |
| 緊張する | きんちょうする | kinchō suru | to be nervous, to be tense | verb |
| 興奮する | こうふんする | kōfun suru | to get excited | verb |
| 望む | のぞむ | nozomu | to wish for, to desire | verb |
| 諦める | あきらめる | akirameru | to give up | verb |
| 反省する | はんせいする | hansei suru | to reflect on (one's conduct) | verb |
X34 Suru verbs I — する動詞① 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 確認する | かくにんする | kakunin suru | to confirm, to check | verb |
| 提出する | ていしゅつする | teishutsu suru | to submit, to hand in | verb |
| 申請する | しんせいする | shinsei suru | to apply (formally) | verb |
| 取り消す | とりけす | torikesu | to cancel | verb |
| 延期する | えんきする | enki suru | to postpone | verb |
| 中止する | ちゅうしする | chūshi suru | to call off, to discontinue | verb |
| 配達する | はいたつする | haitatsu suru | to deliver | verb |
| 注文する | ちゅうもんする | chūmon suru | to order (goods) | verb |
| 管理する | かんりする | kanri suru | to manage, to administer | verb |
| 整理する | せいりする | seiri suru | to sort out, to tidy | verb |
| 登録する | とうろくする | tōroku suru | to register | verb |
| 記録する | きろくする | kiroku suru | to record | verb |
| 報告する | ほうこくする | hōkoku suru | to report | verb |
| 連絡する | れんらくする | renraku suru | to contact | verb |
| 処理する | しょりする | shori suru | to process, to deal with | verb |
| 解決する | かいけつする | kaiketsu suru | to solve, to settle | verb |
| 検査する | けんさする | kensa suru | to inspect, to examine | verb |
| 測定する | そくていする | sokutei suru | to measure | verb |
| 観察する | かんさつする | kansatsu suru | to observe | verb |
| 完成する | かんせいする | kansei suru | to be completed | verb |
X35 Suru verbs II — する動詞② 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 発展する | はってんする | hatten suru | to develop, to grow | verb |
| 発達する | はったつする | hattatsu suru | to develop (a skill, a body) | verb |
| 発明する | はつめいする | hatsumei suru | to invent | verb |
| 発見する | はっけんする | hakken suru | to discover | verb |
| 発表する | はっぴょうする | happyō suru | to announce, to present | verb |
| 生産する | せいさんする | seisan suru | to produce | verb |
| 製造する | せいぞうする | seizō suru | to manufacture | verb |
| 出版する | しゅっぱんする | shuppan suru | to publish | verb |
| 翻訳する | ほんやくする | hon'yaku suru | to translate | verb |
| 印刷する | いんさつする | insatsu suru | to print | verb |
| 輸入する | ゆにゅうする | yunyū suru | to import | verb |
| 輸出する | ゆしゅつする | yushutsu suru | to export | verb |
| 販売する | はんばいする | hanbai suru | to sell (as a business) | verb |
| 募集する | ぼしゅうする | boshū suru | to recruit, to advertise for | verb |
| 採用する | さいようする | saiyō suru | to hire; to adopt (a plan) | verb |
| 担当する | たんとうする | tantō suru | to be in charge of | verb |
| 活動する | かつどうする | katsudō suru | to be active, to campaign | verb |
| 活躍する | かつやくする | katsuyaku suru | to play an active part | verb |
| 開発する | かいはつする | kaihatsu suru | to develop (a product, land) | verb |
| 改善する | かいぜんする | kaizen suru | to improve | verb |
X36 Suru verbs III — する動詞③ 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 賛成する | さんせいする | sansei suru | to agree, to approve | verb |
| 反対する | はんたいする | hantai suru | to oppose | verb |
| 許可する | きょかする | kyoka suru | to permit | verb |
| 禁止する | きんしする | kinshi suru | to prohibit | verb |
| 尊敬する | そんけいする | sonkei suru | to respect | verb |
| 信頼する | しんらいする | shinrai suru | to trust | verb |
| 依頼する | いらいする | irai suru | to request, to commission | verb |
| 命令する | めいれいする | meirei suru | to order, to command | verb |
| 指導する | しどうする | shidō suru | to guide, to coach | verb |
| 教育する | きょういくする | kyōiku suru | to educate | verb |
| 批判する | ひはんする | hihan suru | to criticise | verb |
| 評価する | ひょうかする | hyōka suru | to evaluate, to rate | verb |
| 比較する | ひかくする | hikaku suru | to compare | verb |
| 区別する | くべつする | kubetsu suru | to distinguish | verb |
| 分類する | ぶんるいする | bunrui suru | to classify | verb |
| 統一する | とういつする | tōitsu suru | to unify | verb |
| 独立する | どくりつする | dokuritsu suru | to become independent | verb |
| 承認する | しょうにんする | shōnin suru | to approve, to authorise | verb |
| 要求する | ようきゅうする | yōkyū suru | to demand, to require | verb |
| 提案する | ていあんする | teian suru | to propose, to suggest | verb |
X37 Abstract nouns I — 抽象名詞① 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 影響 | えいきょう | eikyō | influence, effect | noun |
| 効果 | こうか | kōka | effect, result | noun |
| 意識 | いしき | ishiki | consciousness, awareness | noun |
| 意志 | いし | ishi | will, volition | noun |
| 意欲 | いよく | iyoku | will, motivation, drive | noun |
| 立場 | たちば | tachiba | standpoint, position | noun |
| 状態 | じょうたい | jōtai | state, condition | noun |
| 状況 | じょうきょう | jōkyō | situation, circumstances | noun |
| 条件 | じょうけん | jōken | condition, requirement | noun |
| 基準 | きじゅん | kijun | standard, criterion | noun |
| 基本 | きほん | kihon | basics, foundation | noun |
| 基礎 | きそ | kiso | foundation, fundamentals | noun |
| 特徴 | とくちょう | tokuchō | feature, characteristic | noun |
| 傾向 | けいこう | keikō | tendency, trend | noun |
| 可能性 | かのうせい | kanōsei | possibility | noun |
| 役割 | やくわり | yakuwari | role, part | noun |
| 価値 | かち | kachi | value, worth | noun |
| 内容 | ないよう | naiyō | content(s) | noun |
| 種類 | しゅるい | shurui | kind, type | noun |
| 手段 | しゅだん | shudan | means, method | noun |
X38 Abstract nouns II — 抽象名詞② 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 方向 | ほうこう | hōkō | direction | noun |
| 順序 | じゅんじょ | junjo | order, sequence | noun |
| 段階 | だんかい | dankai | stage, step, phase | noun |
| 過程 | かてい | katei | process | noun |
| 範囲 | はんい | han'i | range, scope | noun |
| 部分 | ぶぶん | bubun | part, portion | noun |
| 中心 | ちゅうしん | chūshin | centre, core | noun |
| 周囲 | しゅうい | shūi | surroundings | noun |
| 表面 | ひょうめん | hyōmen | surface | noun |
| 内側 | うちがわ | uchigawa | inside, inner side | noun |
| 外側 | そとがわ | sotogawa | outside, outer side | noun |
| 背景 | はいけい | haikei | background | noun |
| 事実 | じじつ | jijitsu | fact | noun |
| 真実 | しんじつ | shinjitsu | truth | noun |
| 現実 | げんじつ | genjitsu | reality | noun |
| 理想 | りそう | risō | ideal | noun |
| 期待 | きたい | kitai | expectation, hope | noun |
| 疑問 | ぎもん | gimon | doubt, question | noun |
| 違い | ちがい | chigai | difference | noun |
| 共通 | きょうつう | kyōtsū | common, shared | noun |
X39 Conjunctions and sentence adverbs — 接続詞・文副詞 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| しかも | しかも | shikamo | moreover, what is more | conjunction |
| さらに | さらに | sarani | furthermore, even more | conjunction |
| したがって | したがって | shitagatte | therefore, accordingly | conjunction |
| ところが | ところが | tokoroga | however, but then | conjunction |
| すなわち | すなわち | sunawachi | that is, namely | conjunction |
| もっとも | もっとも | mottomo | though, having said that | conjunction |
| なお | なお | nao | furthermore; still | conjunction |
| ちなみに | ちなみに | chinamini | incidentally, by the way | conjunction |
| 一方 | いっぽう | ippō | on the other hand | conjunction |
| 逆に | ぎゃくに | gyakuni | conversely, on the contrary | conjunction |
| 反面 | はんめん | hanmen | on the other side, while | conjunction |
| むしろ | むしろ | mushiro | rather, if anything | conjunction |
| とにかく | とにかく | tonikaku | anyway, in any case | conjunction |
| いずれ | いずれ | izure | sooner or later; either | adverb |
| いわゆる | いわゆる | iwayuru | so-called | adverb |
| まさか | まさか | masaka | surely not, no way | adverb |
| どうせ | どうせ | dōse | anyway, after all (resigned) | adverb |
| 意外 | いがい | igai | unexpected, surprising | な-adjective |
| 必ずしも | かならずしも | kanarazushimo | not necessarily (with negative) | adverb |
| 実は | じつは | jitsuwa | actually, to tell the truth | adverb |
X40 Set phrases and idioms — 慣用表現 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| お世話になります | おせわになります | osewa ni narimasu | thank you for your help (set phrase) | phrase |
| ご無沙汰 | ごぶさた | gobusata | long silence, not being in touch | phrase |
| お陰で | おかげで | okage de | thanks to | phrase |
| 気になる | きになる | ki ni naru | to be on one's mind, to bother | phrase |
| 気が付く | きがつく | ki ga tsuku | to notice; to come to | phrase |
| 気に入る | きにいる | ki ni iru | to take a liking to | phrase |
| 気をつける | きをつける | ki o tsukeru | to take care, to be careful | phrase |
| 面倒を見る | めんどうをみる | mendō o miru | to look after | phrase |
| 顔を出す | かおをだす | kao o dasu | to show one's face, to drop in | phrase |
| 腹が立つ | はらがたつ | hara ga tatsu | to get angry | phrase |
| 手に入る | てにはいる | te ni hairu | to come into one's hands, to obtain | phrase |
| 手に入れる | てにいれる | te ni ireru | to get hold of | phrase |
| 役に立つ | やくにたつ | yaku ni tatsu | to be useful | phrase |
| 身につける | みにつける | mi ni tsukeru | to acquire (a skill); to wear | phrase |
| 目立つ | めだつ | medatsu | to stand out | verb |
| 心を込めて | こころをこめて | kokoro o komete | with all one's heart | phrase |
| 首になる | くびになる | kubi ni naru | to get fired | phrase |
| いつのまにか | いつのまにか | itsu no ma ni ka | before one knows it | adverb |
| 実際 | じっさい | jissai | actually, in practice | adverb |
| 努力 | どりょく | doryoku | effort | noun |
X41 Counters and units — 助数詞と単位 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 一杯 | いっぱい | ippai | one cup, one glass; full | counter |
| 一切れ | ひときれ | hitokire | one slice | counter |
| 一皿 | ひとさら | hitosara | one plate, one dish | counter |
| 一束 | ひとたば | hitotaba | one bundle, one bunch | counter |
| 一着 | いっちゃく | itchaku | one suit (of clothes); first place | counter |
| 一足 | いっそく | issoku | one pair (of shoes, socks) | counter |
| 一組 | ひとくみ | hitokumi | one set, one pair, one group | counter |
| 一軒 | いっけん | ikken | one house, one shop | counter |
| 一羽 | いちわ | ichiwa | one bird | counter |
| 一頭 | いっとう | ittō | one head (large animal) | counter |
| 一倍 | いちばい | ichibai | one time, the same amount | counter |
| 二倍 | にばい | nibai | double, twice | counter |
| 割 | わり | wari | ten percent; rate, ratio | counter |
| パーセント | ぱーせんと | pāsento | percent | counter |
| センチ | せんち | senchi | centimetre | counter |
| グラム | ぐらむ | guramu | gram | counter |
| リットル | りっとる | rittoru | litre | counter |
| 数字 | すうじ | sūji | number, numeral, figure | noun |
| 偶数 | ぐうすう | gūsū | even number | noun |
| 奇数 | きすう | kisū | odd number | noun |
X42 Arts and culture — 芸術と文化 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 芸術 | げいじゅつ | geijutsu | art (fine arts) | noun |
| 美術 | びじゅつ | bijutsu | fine art | noun |
| 絵画 | かいが | kaiga | painting (as an art) | noun |
| 彫刻 | ちょうこく | chōkoku | sculpture | noun |
| 作品 | さくひん | sakuhin | work (of art), piece | noun |
| 演劇 | えんげき | engeki | theatre, drama | noun |
| 演奏 | えんそう | ensō | musical performance | noun |
| 楽器 | がっき | gakki | musical instrument | noun |
| 舞台 | ぶたい | butai | stage | noun |
| 俳優 | はいゆう | haiyū | actor | noun |
| 女優 | じょゆう | joyū | actress | noun |
| 監督 | かんとく | kantoku | director; coach | noun |
| 主人公 | しゅじんこう | shujinkō | protagonist, main character | noun |
| 場面 | ばめん | bamen | scene | noun |
| 詩 | し | shi | poem, poetry | noun |
| 物語 | ものがたり | monogatari | tale, story | noun |
| 伝統 | でんとう | dentō | tradition | noun |
| 歌手 | かしゅ | kashu | singer | noun |
| 演じる | えんじる | enjiru | to perform, to play (a role) | verb |
| 描く | えがく | egaku | to draw, to depict | verb |
X43 Leisure and sport — 娯楽とスポーツ 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 娯楽 | ごらく | goraku | amusement, entertainment | noun |
| 競技 | きょうぎ | kyōgi | competition, event (sport) | noun |
| 引き分け | ひきわけ | hikiwake | a draw, a tie | noun |
| 応援 | おうえん | ōen | cheering, support | noun |
| 観客 | かんきゃく | kankyaku | spectator, audience | noun |
| 記録 | きろく | kiroku | record (best time; written record) | noun |
| 体操 | たいそう | taisō | gymnastics, physical exercises | noun |
| 陸上 | りくじょう | rikujō | athletics, track and field; on land | noun |
| 遠足 | えんそく | ensoku | school outing, excursion | noun |
| 花火 | はなび | hanabi | fireworks | noun |
| 見物 | けんぶつ | kenbutsu | sightseeing, watching | noun |
| 撮影 | さつえい | satsuei | photographing, filming | noun |
| 作曲 | さっきょく | sakkyoku | composing music | noun |
| 勝敗 | しょうはい | shōhai | victory or defeat, outcome | noun |
| 得点 | とくてん | tokuten | score, points | noun |
| 決勝 | けっしょう | kesshō | final (match) | noun |
| 大会 | たいかい | taikai | tournament, convention | noun |
| 練習試合 | れんしゅうじあい | renshū jiai | practice match | noun |
| 鍛える | きたえる | kitaeru | to train, to build up (muscle) | verb |
| 順位 | じゅんい | jun'i | ranking, place | noun |
X44 Travel and tourism — 旅行と観光 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 観光 | かんこう | kankō | sightseeing, tourism | noun |
| 名所 | めいしょ | meisho | famous place, sight | noun |
| 温泉 | おんせん | onsen | hot spring | noun |
| 旅館 | りょかん | ryokan | Japanese inn | noun |
| 宿泊 | しゅくはく | shukuhaku | lodging, staying overnight | noun |
| 日帰り | ひがえり | higaeri | day trip | noun |
| 往復 | おうふく | ōfuku | round trip, there and back | noun |
| 片道 | かたみち | katamichi | one way | noun |
| 忘れ物 | わすれもの | wasuremono | lost property, something left behind | noun |
| 案内 | あんない | annai | guidance, information; showing around | noun |
| 迷子 | まいご | maigo | lost child, being lost | noun |
| 土産 | みやげ | miyage | souvenir | noun |
| 記念 | きねん | kinen | commemoration, memento | noun |
| 旅先 | たびさき | tabisaki | destination, place one is travelling in | noun |
| 海外 | かいがい | kaigai | overseas, abroad | noun |
| 国内 | こくない | kokunai | domestic, within the country | noun |
| 通訳 | つうやく | tsūyaku | interpreter, interpreting | noun |
| 税関 | ぜいかん | zeikan | customs (at a border) | noun |
| 入国 | にゅうこく | nyūkoku | entering a country | noun |
| 出国 | しゅっこく | shukkoku | leaving a country | noun |
X45 Faith and customs — 信仰と風習 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 神 | かみ | kami | god, deity | noun |
| 仏 | ほとけ | hotoke | Buddha; the deceased | noun |
| 信仰 | しんこう | shinkō | faith, religious belief | noun |
| 祈る | いのる | inoru | to pray, to wish | verb |
| 拝む | おがむ | ogamu | to pray to, to worship (with joined hands) | verb |
| 参拝 | さんぱい | sanpai | visiting a shrine or temple to pray | noun |
| 祝う | いわう | iwau | to celebrate, to congratulate | verb |
| 儀式 | ぎしき | gishiki | ceremony, rite | noun |
| 行事 | ぎょうじ | gyōji | event, function (annual) | noun |
| 風習 | ふうしゅう | fūshū | custom, tradition | noun |
| 大晦日 | おおみそか | ōmisoka | New Year's Eve | noun |
| 初詣 | はつもうで | hatsumōde | first shrine visit of the year | noun |
| 節分 | せつぶん | setsubun | Setsubun (bean-throwing day, early February) | noun |
| 七夕 | たなばた | tanabata | Tanabata, the Star Festival (7 July) | noun |
| お盆 | おぼん | obon | Obon, the summer festival of the dead | noun |
| 墓 | はか | haka | grave, tomb | noun |
| 葬式 | そうしき | sōshiki | funeral | noun |
| 供える | そなえる | sonaeru | to offer (to a god or the dead) | verb |
| 縁起 | えんぎ | engi | omen, luck | noun |
| 占い | うらない | uranai | fortune-telling | noun |
X46 Shapes, materials and colours — 形・素材・色 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 縦 | たて | tate | vertical, length | noun |
| 斜め | ななめ | naname | diagonal, slanting | な-adjective |
| 三角 | さんかく | sankaku | triangle | noun |
| 円 | えん | en | circle; yen | noun |
| 直線 | ちょくせん | chokusen | straight line | noun |
| 曲線 | きょくせん | kyokusen | curve | noun |
| 平ら | たいら | taira | flat, level | な-adjective |
| 面 | めん | men | face, surface, side | noun |
| 水玉 | みずたま | mizutama | polka dots | noun |
| 無地 | むじ | muji | plain, unpatterned | noun |
| 素材 | そざい | sozai | material (raw); ingredient | noun |
| 銅 | どう | dō | copper | noun |
| 綿 | めん | men | cotton | noun |
| 革 | かわ | kawa | leather | noun |
| 羊毛 | ようもう | yōmō | wool | noun |
| 板 | いた | ita | board, plank | noun |
| 桃色 | ももいろ | momoiro | pink, peach colour | noun |
| 紺 | こん | kon | navy blue | noun |
| 透明 | とうめい | tōmei | transparent | な-adjective |
| 濁る | にごる | nigoru | to become muddy or cloudy | verb |
X47 Computers and the internet — コンピューターとインターネット 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 機能 | きのう | kinō | function, feature | noun |
| 入力 | にゅうりょく | nyūryoku | input, typing in | noun |
| 出力 | しゅつりょく | shutsuryoku | output | noun |
| 検索 | けんさく | kensaku | search (online) | noun |
| 無線 | むせん | musen | wireless | noun |
| 端末 | たんまつ | tanmatsu | terminal, device | noun |
| 機器 | きき | kiki | equipment, device | noun |
| 充電 | じゅうでん | jūden | charging (a battery) | noun |
| 修理 | しゅうり | shūri | repair | noun |
| 更新 | こうしん | kōshin | update, renewal | noun |
| 履歴 | りれき | rireki | history (browsing, calls); record | noun |
| 添付 | てんぷ | tenpu | attachment (to an email) | noun |
| 送信 | そうしん | sōshin | sending, transmission | noun |
| 受信 | じゅしん | jushin | receiving, reception | noun |
| 返信 | へんしん | henshin | reply (to a message) | noun |
| 転送 | てんそう | tensō | forwarding, transfer | noun |
| 迷惑メール | めいわくめーる | meiwaku mēru | spam mail | noun |
| 画像 | がぞう | gazō | image, picture (digital) | noun |
| 動画 | どうが | dōga | video (clip) | noun |
| 電源 | でんげん | dengen | power supply, power (switch) | noun |
X48 Cooking and the kitchen — 料理と台所 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 茹でる | ゆでる | yuderu | to boil (food) | verb |
| 炒める | いためる | itameru | to stir-fry | verb |
| 混ぜる | まぜる | mazeru | to mix, to stir | verb |
| 刻む | きざむ | kizamu | to chop finely, to mince | verb |
| 剥く | むく | muku | to peel | verb |
| 味付け | あじつけ | ajitsuke | seasoning, flavouring | noun |
| 酢 | す | su | vinegar | noun |
| 胡椒 | こしょう | koshō | pepper | noun |
| 出汁 | だし | dashi | stock, soup base | noun |
| 具 | ぐ | gu | ingredients, filling (in a dish) | noun |
| 鍋 | なべ | nabe | pot, pan; hot pot | noun |
| 包丁 | ほうちょう | hōchō | kitchen knife | noun |
| まな板 | まないた | manaita | chopping board | noun |
| 皿 | さら | sara | plate, dish | noun |
| 器 | うつわ | utsuwa | bowl, vessel, container | noun |
| 沸騰 | ふっとう | futtō | boiling | noun |
| 弱火 | よわび | yowabi | low heat | noun |
| 強火 | つよび | tsuyobi | high heat | noun |
| 焦がす | こがす | kogasu | to burn, to scorch (food) | verb |
| 盛る | もる | moru | to serve (food onto a plate), to heap | verb |
X49 Weather and disasters — 天気と災害 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 天気予報 | てんきよほう | tenki yohō | weather forecast | noun |
| 湿度 | しつど | shitsudo | humidity | noun |
| 気圧 | きあつ | kiatsu | atmospheric pressure | noun |
| 大雨 | おおあめ | ōame | heavy rain | noun |
| 停電 | ていでん | teiden | power cut, blackout | noun |
| 断水 | だんすい | dansui | water supply cut | noun |
| 避難 | ひなん | hinan | evacuation | noun |
| 被災 | ひさい | hisai | being struck by a disaster | noun |
| 救助 | きゅうじょ | kyūjo | rescue | noun |
| 警報 | けいほう | keihō | warning, alarm | noun |
| 注意報 | ちゅういほう | chūihō | advisory (weather) | noun |
| 快晴 | かいせい | kaisei | clear, fine weather | noun |
| 夕立 | ゆうだち | yūdachi | sudden evening shower (summer) | noun |
| 霜 | しも | shimo | frost | noun |
| 虹 | にじ | niji | rainbow | noun |
| 日陰 | ひかげ | hikage | shade | noun |
| 蒸し暑い | むしあつい | mushiatsui | humid and hot, muggy | い-adjective |
| 肌寒い | はだざむい | hadazamui | chilly | い-adjective |
| 積もる | つもる | tsumoru | to pile up (snow) | verb |
| 冷え込む | ひえこむ | hiekomu | to get very cold (weather) | verb |
X50 Family and life events — 家族と人生の節目 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 先祖 | せんぞ | senzo | ancestor | noun |
| 親族 | しんぞく | shinzoku | relatives, kin | noun |
| 孫 | まご | mago | grandchild | noun |
| 甥 | おい | oi | nephew | noun |
| 姪 | めい | mei | niece | noun |
| いとこ | いとこ | itoko | cousin | noun |
| 義理 | ぎり | giri | in-law (prefix); duty, obligation | noun |
| 嫁 | よめ | yome | bride; daughter-in-law | noun |
| 婿 | むこ | muko | bridegroom; son-in-law | noun |
| 婚約 | こんやく | kon'yaku | engagement | noun |
| 新婚 | しんこん | shinkon | newly married | noun |
| 妊娠 | にんしん | ninshin | pregnancy | noun |
| 出産 | しゅっさん | shussan | childbirth | noun |
| 誕生 | たんじょう | tanjō | birth | noun |
| 成長 | せいちょう | seichō | growth | noun |
| 老いる | おいる | oiru | to grow old | verb |
| 高齢 | こうれい | kōrei | advanced age, elderly | noun |
| 遺産 | いさん | isan | inheritance, heritage | noun |
| 介護 | かいご | kaigo | nursing care (of the elderly) | noun |
| 育児 | いくじ | ikuji | childcare, child-rearing | noun |
X51 Health and lifestyle — 健康と生活習慣 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 睡眠 | すいみん | suimin | sleep | noun |
| 運動不足 | うんどうぶそく | undō busoku | lack of exercise | noun |
| 生活習慣 | せいかつしゅうかん | seikatsu shūkan | lifestyle habits | noun |
| 肥満 | ひまん | himan | obesity | noun |
| 減量 | げんりょう | genryō | weight loss, losing weight | noun |
| 脈 | みゃく | myaku | pulse | noun |
| 呼吸 | こきゅう | kokyū | breathing | noun |
| 徹夜 | てつや | tetsuya | staying up all night | noun |
| 禁煙 | きんえん | kin'en | no smoking; quitting smoking | noun |
| 飲酒 | いんしゅ | inshu | drinking alcohol | noun |
| 喫煙 | きつえん | kitsuen | smoking | noun |
| 酔う | よう | you | to get drunk; to get travel-sick | verb |
| 二日酔い | ふつかよい | futsukayoi | hangover | noun |
| 休養 | きゅうよう | kyūyō | rest, recuperation | noun |
| 予防 | よぼう | yobō | prevention | noun |
| 診断 | しんだん | shindan | diagnosis | noun |
| 処方 | しょほう | shohō | prescription | noun |
| 薬局 | やっきょく | yakkyoku | pharmacy | noun |
| 副作用 | ふくさよう | fukusayō | side effect | noun |
| 検診 | けんしん | kenshin | medical check-up | noun |
X52 Describing places — 場所を描く言葉 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 広々 | ひろびろ | hirobiro | spacious, open | adverb |
| 快適 | かいてき | kaiteki | comfortable, pleasant | な-adjective |
| 清潔 | せいけつ | seiketsu | clean, hygienic | な-adjective |
| 不潔 | ふけつ | fuketsu | dirty, unhygienic | な-adjective |
| 豪華 | ごうか | gōka | luxurious, gorgeous | な-adjective |
| 質素 | しっそ | shisso | simple, frugal | な-adjective |
| 素朴 | そぼく | soboku | simple, unsophisticated, rustic | な-adjective |
| 古風 | こふう | kofū | old-fashioned | な-adjective |
| 近代的 | きんだいてき | kindaiteki | modern | な-adjective |
| 都会的 | とかいてき | tokaiteki | urban, sophisticated | な-adjective |
| 中心街 | ちゅうしんがい | chūshingai | town centre, downtown | noun |
| 住宅地 | じゅうたくち | jūtakuchi | residential area | noun |
| 繁華街 | はんかがい | hankagai | busy shopping and entertainment district | noun |
| 路地 | ろじ | roji | alley, lane | noun |
| 大通り | おおどおり | ōdōri | main street, avenue | noun |
| 突き当たり | つきあたり | tsukiatari | end of a street, dead end | noun |
| 周り | まわり | mawari | surroundings, around | noun |
| 辺り | あたり | atari | vicinity, around | noun |
| 遠方 | えんぽう | enpō | far away, a distant place | noun |
| 見晴らし | みはらし | miharashi | view, outlook | noun |
X53 Katakana words I — カタカナ語① 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| アイデア | あいであ | aidea | idea | noun |
| イメージ | いめーじ | imēji | image, impression | noun |
| インタビュー | いんたびゅー | intabyū | interview (media) | noun |
| エネルギー | えねるぎー | enerugī | energy | noun |
| オフィス | おふぃす | ofisu | office | noun |
| カロリー | かろりー | karorī | calorie | noun |
| キャンセル | きゃんせる | kyanseru | cancellation | noun |
| クレーム | くれーむ | kurēmu | complaint | noun |
| コミュニケーション | こみゅにけーしょん | komyunikēshon | communication | noun |
| コンクール | こんくーる | konkūru | contest, competition (arts) | noun |
| サービス | さーびす | sābisu | service; something free | noun |
| サンプル | さんぷる | sanpuru | sample | noun |
| シーズン | しーずん | shīzun | season (sports, tourism) | noun |
| システム | しすてむ | shisutemu | system | noun |
| ショック | しょっく | shokku | shock | noun |
| スケジュール | すけじゅーる | sukejūru | schedule | noun |
| スピーチ | すぴーち | supīchi | speech | noun |
| チャンス | ちゃんす | chansu | chance, opportunity | noun |
| バランス | ばらんす | baransu | balance | noun |
| ビジネス | びじねす | bijinesu | business | noun |
X54 Katakana words II — カタカナ語② 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| プラン | ぷらん | puran | plan | noun |
| ブーム | ぶーむ | būmu | boom, craze | noun |
| マナー | まなー | manā | manners, etiquette | noun |
| メッセージ | めっせーじ | messēji | message | noun |
| メンバー | めんばー | menbā | member | noun |
| モデル | もでる | moderu | model | noun |
| ユーモア | ゆーもあ | yūmoa | humour | noun |
| ライバル | らいばる | raibaru | rival | noun |
| リーダー | りーだー | rīdā | leader | noun |
| リサイクル | りさいくる | risaikuru | recycling | noun |
| ルール | るーる | rūru | rule | noun |
| レベル | れべる | reberu | level | noun |
| レポート | れぽーと | repōto | report, paper | noun |
| アンケート | あんけーと | ankēto | questionnaire, survey | noun |
| テーマ | てーま | tēma | theme, topic | noun |
| マイナス | まいなす | mainasu | minus, negative | noun |
| プラス | ぷらす | purasu | plus, positive | noun |
| ボーナス | ぼーなす | bōnasu | bonus | noun |
| ペース | ぺーす | pēsu | pace | noun |
| シンプル | しんぷる | shinpuru | simple | な-adjective |
X55 Sound and manner words — 擬音語・擬態語 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| ばらばら | ばらばら | barabara | scattered, in pieces, disorganised | adverb |
| すっきり | すっきり | sukkiri | refreshed, clear, neat | adverb |
| ぐるぐる | ぐるぐる | guruguru | round and round | adverb |
| ざっと | ざっと | zatto | roughly, briefly | adverb |
| どきどき | どきどき | dokidoki | heart pounding | adverb |
| わくわく | わくわく | wakuwaku | thrilled, excited | adverb |
| いらいら | いらいら | iraira | irritated, on edge | adverb |
| うろうろ | うろうろ | urouro | wandering aimlessly | adverb |
| きらきら | きらきら | kirakira | sparkling, glittering | adverb |
| ふらふら | ふらふら | furafura | unsteady, dizzy | adverb |
| ぶらぶら | ぶらぶら | burabura | strolling; dangling; idling | adverb |
| ぺこぺこ | ぺこぺこ | pekopeko | starving; bowing repeatedly | adverb |
| ぐったり | ぐったり | guttari | exhausted, limp | adverb |
| さっぱり | さっぱり | sappari | refreshed; light (taste); not at all | adverb |
| がらがら | がらがら | garagara | empty (of people); rattling | adverb |
| ぴかぴか | ぴかぴか | pikapika | shiny, sparkling clean | adverb |
| にこにこ | にこにこ | nikoniko | smiling, beaming | adverb |
| ぞくぞく | ぞくぞく | zokuzoku | shivering (with cold or excitement) | adverb |
| ぐずぐず | ぐずぐず | guzuguzu | dawdling, dithering | adverb |
| じっと | じっと | jitto | still, fixedly, patiently | adverb |
X56 Prefixes and suffixes — 接頭語・接尾語 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 不 | ふ | fu | un-, not (不便, 不安) | noun |
| 無 | む | mu | -less, without (無料, 無理) | noun |
| 未 | み | mi | not yet (未来, 未定) | noun |
| 非 | ひ | hi | non- (非常, 非公開) | noun |
| 再 | さい | sai | re-, again (再会, 再開) | noun |
| 超 | ちょう | chō | super-, ultra- (超特急) | noun |
| 各 | かく | kaku | each (各国, 各自) | noun |
| 諸 | しょ | sho | various (諸国, 諸問題) | noun |
| 副 | ふく | fuku | vice-, deputy, side (副社長, 副作用) | noun |
| 元 | もと | moto | former, ex- (元首相) | noun |
| ~的 | てき | teki | -ic, -al (社会的, 個人的) | noun |
| ~性 | せい | sei | -ness, -ity (可能性, 安全性) | noun |
| ~化 | か | ka | -isation (国際化, 高齢化) | noun |
| ~風 | ふう | fū | -style (和風, 洋風) | noun |
| ~式 | しき | shiki | -style, -type; ceremony (日本式, 卒業式) | noun |
| ~率 | りつ | ritsu | rate (合格率, 出席率) | noun |
| ~費 | ひ | hi | expenses (生活費, 交通費) | noun |
| ~向け | むけ | muke | intended for (子供向け) | noun |
| ~だらけ | だらけ | darake | covered in, full of (泥だらけ) | noun |
| ~っぽい | っぽい | ppoi | -ish, -like (子供っぽい) | noun |
X57 Formal and written words — 書き言葉・改まった言葉 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 及び | および | oyobi | and, as well as (formal) | conjunction |
| 並びに | ならびに | narabini | and, in addition (formal) | conjunction |
| 若しくは | もしくは | moshikuwa | or (formal) | conjunction |
| 但し | ただし | tadashi | provided that, however (written) | conjunction |
| 且つ | かつ | katsu | and moreover, at the same time | conjunction |
| 従来 | じゅうらい | jūrai | up to now, conventional | noun |
| 現在 | げんざい | genzai | the present, currently | noun |
| 今後 | こんご | kongo | from now on, hereafter | noun |
| 以降 | いこう | ikō | on and after, from ... onwards | noun |
| 以前 | いぜん | izen | before, formerly | noun |
| 未満 | みまん | miman | less than, under | noun |
| 各自 | かくじ | kakuji | each person, individually | noun |
| 本日 | ほんじつ | honjitsu | today (formal) | noun |
| 当日 | とうじつ | tōjitsu | on the day (in question) | noun |
| 際 | さい | sai | on the occasion of, when | noun |
| 限り | かぎり | kagiri | limit; as long as | noun |
| 次第 | しだい | shidai | as soon as; depending on | noun |
| 基づく | もとづく | motozuku | to be based on | verb |
| 関する | かんする | kansuru | to concern, to be related to | verb |
| 対する | たいする | taisuru | to face; towards, regarding | verb |
X58 Adjectives III (na) — 形容詞③(な形容詞) 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 貴重 | きちょう | kichō | precious, valuable | な-adjective |
| 重要 | じゅうよう | jūyō | important | な-adjective |
| 不要 | ふよう | fuyō | unnecessary | な-adjective |
| 適切 | てきせつ | tekisetsu | appropriate, suitable | な-adjective |
| 妥当 | だとう | datō | reasonable, proper | な-adjective |
| 明確 | めいかく | meikaku | clear, definite | な-adjective |
| 客観的 | きゃっかんてき | kyakkanteki | objective | な-adjective |
| 主観的 | しゅかんてき | shukanteki | subjective | な-adjective |
| 論理的 | ろんりてき | ronriteki | logical | な-adjective |
| 合理的 | ごうりてき | gōriteki | rational, reasonable, efficient | な-adjective |
| 感情的 | かんじょうてき | kanjōteki | emotional | な-adjective |
| 理想的 | りそうてき | risōteki | ideal | な-adjective |
| 効果的 | こうかてき | kōkateki | effective | な-adjective |
| 基本的 | きほんてき | kihonteki | basic, fundamental | な-adjective |
| 個人的 | こじんてき | kojinteki | personal, private | な-adjective |
| 社会的 | しゃかいてき | shakaiteki | social | な-adjective |
| 経済的 | けいざいてき | keizaiteki | economical; economic | な-adjective |
| 国際的 | こくさいてき | kokusaiteki | international | な-adjective |
| 自動的 | じどうてき | jidōteki | automatic | な-adjective |
| 偶然 | ぐうぜん | gūzen | chance, coincidence; by chance | な-adjective |
X59 Verbs of giving, keeping and paying — やりとりの動詞 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 貰う | もらう | morau | to receive, to get | verb |
| 与える | あたえる | ataeru | to give, to grant | verb |
| 授ける | さずける | sazukeru | to grant, to award | verb |
| 預ける | あずける | azukeru | to deposit, to leave in someone's care | verb |
| 預かる | あずかる | azukaru | to look after, to take charge of | verb |
| 貸し出す | かしだす | kashidasu | to lend out | verb |
| 返却 | へんきゃく | henkyaku | return (of borrowed items) | noun |
| 払い戻す | はらいもどす | haraimodosu | to refund | verb |
| 精算 | せいさん | seisan | settlement (of a fare or bill) | noun |
| 請求 | せいきゅう | seikyū | claim, demand for payment, invoice | noun |
| 値上げ | ねあげ | neage | price rise | noun |
| 値下げ | ねさげ | nesage | price cut | noun |
| 値引き | ねびき | nebiki | discount | noun |
| 送料 | そうりょう | sōryō | postage, shipping fee | noun |
| 手数料 | てすうりょう | tesūryō | handling charge, commission | noun |
| 立て替える | たてかえる | tatekaeru | to pay for someone temporarily | verb |
| 奢る | おごる | ogoru | to treat (someone to a meal) | verb |
| 分ける | わける | wakeru | to divide, to share | verb |
| 配る | くばる | kubaru | to hand out, to distribute | verb |
| 取り替える | とりかえる | torikaeru | to exchange, to replace | verb |
X60 Verbs of everyday action — 日常の動作の動詞 🖨 sheet →
| Word | Reading | Romaji | Meaning | Type |
| 摘む | つむ | tsumu | to pick (flowers, tea), to pluck | verb |
| つまむ | つまむ | tsumamu | to pinch, to pick up (with fingers) | verb |
| 揉む | もむ | momu | to massage, to rub, to knead | verb |
| 擦る | こする | kosuru | to rub, to scrub | verb |
| 掛ける | かける | kakeru | to hang; to put on; to spend (time) | verb |
| 突く | つく | tsuku | to poke, to prod, to thrust | verb |
| 放す | はなす | hanasu | to let go of, to release | verb |
| 持ち上げる | もちあげる | mochiageru | to lift up | verb |
| 担ぐ | かつぐ | katsugu | to carry on one's shoulder | verb |
| 撒く | まく | maku | to scatter, to sprinkle | verb |
| 背負う | せおう | seou | to carry on one's back; to shoulder (a burden) | verb |
| 載せる | のせる | noseru | to place on, to load; to publish (in print) | verb |
| 揃える | そろえる | soroeru | to line up, to arrange; to gather a set | verb |
| 詰める | つめる | tsumeru | to pack, to stuff; to shorten | verb |
| 巻く | まく | maku | to wind, to roll up | verb |
| 縫う | ぬう | nuu | to sew | verb |
| 編む | あむ | amu | to knit | verb |
| 塗る | ぬる | nuru | to paint, to spread (butter), to apply | verb |
| 解く | とく | toku | to untie; to solve | verb |
| 被る | かぶる | kaburu | to put on (one's head); to be covered with | verb |