Grammar (JLPT N4)
50 worksheets · CC BY-SA 4.0 · DE
Level F 12 units in the course ladder →
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Patterns that do the same job, on one sheet — so the ones learners confuse can finally be compared side by side. N5, N4 and N3 sets come with a second sheet of fill-in exercises, three per pattern, with answers.
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All 50, for when you want a single pattern — readings, meaning and its own sheet. To practise, use the sets above.
- Plain form (dictionary form) Casual/dictionary form of verbs and adjectives.
- Plain negative ~ない form Casual negative of verbs: replace ます with ない.
- Plain past ~た form Casual past tense: drop ます and change to た/だ.
- ~てください (Please do) Polite request: te-form + ください.
- ~ている (-ing / state) te-form + いる: ongoing action OR resulting state.
- ~てもいい (May I) Permission: te-form + もいい.
- ~てはいけない (Must not) Prohibition: te-form + はいけない.
- ~なければならない (Must do) Obligation: nai-stem + ければならない.
- ~たら (If/when) Conditional: plain past + ら. Often 'when' or 'if'.
- ~ば (If) Hypothetical: e-stem + ば.
- ~と (Whenever/if) Natural consequence: dictionary form + と.
- ~なら (If it's the case) Topical conditional.
- ~ことができる (Can do) Ability: dictionary form + ことができる.
- ~つもり (Intend to) Intention: dictionary form + つもり.
- ~ようと思う (Plan to) Volitional + と思う.
- ~ほうがいい (Should) Recommendation: ta-form + ほうがいい.
- ~やすい / ~にくい (Easy / hard to) Stem + やすい/にくい.
- ~そう (Looks like) Appearance: stem + そう.
- ~ようだ (Seems like) Indirect inference.
- ~らしい (Apparently) Hearsay or typical-of.
- ~ながら (While ~ing) Simultaneous actions: stem + ながら.
- ~かどうか (Whether or not) Embedded yes/no question.
- ~の中で (Among, in) Among a set.
- ~しか (Only with negative) Restrictive + negative.
- ~だけ (Only) Limit/exclusivity.
- ~ばかり (Nothing but) Concentrated/exclusive.
- ~まま (Remaining) Persistent state.
- ~ても (Even if) Concession: te-form + も.
- ~くても (Even if [adj]) い-adj concession.
- ~より (More than) Comparison.
- ~のほうが (More ~) Comparison subject.
- 一番 (Most, #1) Superlative.
- ~すぎる (Too much) Excess.
- 全然 (Not at all) Total negation + negative verb.
- まだ vs まだ~ない (Still vs not yet) Polysemous depending on verb polarity.
- もう (Already / no more) Polysemous based on verb polarity.
- 少し vs ちょっと (A little) 少し formal; ちょっと casual.
- たぶん (Probably) Adverb of probability.
- ~はず (Should) Expectation.
- ~かもしれない (Might) Possibility.
- ~になる (Becomes) Change of state.
- ~にする (Decide on) Decision.
- ~とき (When) Time reference clause.
- ~まえに (Before) Time: dictionary + 前に.
- ~あとで (After) Time: ta-form + 後で.
- ~あいだに (During) Time span.
- ~のに (Although) Concession.
- ~けれども (However) Concession conjunction.
- ~から vs ~ので (Because) から subjective; ので objective.
- ~ように (So that) Purpose: dict form + ように.
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